{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T21:48:49Z","timestamp":1790545729936,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spirulina plantensis is a popular supplement which has been shown to have antioxidant and performance enhancing properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of spirulina supplementation on (a) redox status (b) muscle performance and (c) muscle damage following an eccentric bout of exercise that would induce muscle damage. Twenty-four healthy, recreationally trained males participated in the study and were randomly separated into two groups: a spirulina supplementation (6 g per day) and a placebo group. Both groups performed an eccentric bout of exercise consisting of 5 sets and 15 maximum reps per set. Blood was collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the bout and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and protein carbonyls (PC) were assessed in plasma. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) was also assessed at the same aforementioned time points. Eccentric peak torque (EPT) was evaluated immediately after exercise, as well as at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post exercise. Redox status indices (TAC and PC) did not change significantly at any time point post exercise. DOMS increased significantly 24 h post exercise and remained elevated until 72 h and 96 h post exercise for the placebo and spirulina group, respectively. EPT decreased significantly and immediately post exercise and remained significantly lower compared to baseline until 72 h post exercise. No significant differences between groups were found for DOMS and EPT. These results indicate that spirulina supplementation following a muscle damaging protocol does not confer beneficial effects on redox status, muscle performance or damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T03:29:45Z","timestamp":1617074985000},"page":"3559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The Effects of Spirulina Supplementation on Redox Status and Performance Following a Muscle Damaging Protocol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Aggelos","family":"Pappas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Tsiokanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Fatouros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3912-0045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Poulios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitris","family":"Kouretas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Goutzourelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giannis","family":"Giakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5115-9490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Jamurtas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000424464","article-title":"Nutritional value of the alga Spirulina","volume":"77","author":"Dillon","year":"1995","journal-title":"World Rev. 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