{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:34:07Z","timestamp":1792100047131,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":223,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Transforaminal lumber interbody fusion (TLIF) is the last resort to address the lumber degenerative disorders such as spondylolisthesis, causing lower back pain. The current surgical intervention for these abnormalities includes open TLIF. However, in recent years, minimally invasive TLIF (MIS-TLIF) has gained a high momentum, as it could minimize the risk of infection, blood loss, and post-operative complications pertaining to fusion surgery. Further advancement in visualizing and guiding techniques along with grafting cage and materials are continuously improving the safety and efficacy of MIS-TLIF. These assistive techniques are also playing a crucial role to increase and improve the learning curve of surgeons. However, achieving an appropriate output through TLIF still remains a challenge, which might be synergized through 3D-printing and tissue engineering-based regenerative therapy. Owing to their differentiation potential, biomaterials such as stem\/progenitor cells may contribute to restructuring lost or damaged tissues during MIS-TLIF, and this therapeutic efficacy could be further supplemented by platelet-derived biomaterials, leading to improved clinical outcomes. Thus, based on the above-mentioned strategies, we have comprehensively summarized recent developments in MIS-TLIF and its possible combinatorial regenerative therapies for rapid and long-term relief.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T10:24:33Z","timestamp":1617186273000},"page":"3638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Understanding the Future Prospects of Synergizing Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery with Ceramics and Regenerative Cellular Therapies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Wen-Cheng","family":"Lo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lung-Wen","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education and Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Shan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan Wing Yuk","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.276065205","article-title":"Lumbar Spine Fusion and Stabilization: Hardware, Techniques, and Imaging Appearances","volume":"27","author":"Rutherford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"2","article-title":"Lumbar interbody fusion: Techniques, indications and comparison of interbody fusion options including PLIF, TLIF, MI-TLIF, OLIF\/ATP, LLIF and ALIF","volume":"1","author":"Mobbs","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.2.6.0670","article-title":"Guidelines for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 7: Intractable low-back pain without stenosis or spondylolisthesis","volume":"2","author":"Resnick","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-017-9443-2","article-title":"Interbody Fusion Techniques in the Surgical Management of Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis","volume":"10","author":"Derman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2018.12.5.870","article-title":"Clinical and Radiological Comparison between Three Different Minimally Invasive Surgical Fusion Techniques for Single-Level Lumbar Isthmic and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: Minimally Invasive Surgical Posterolateral Fusion versus Minimally Invasive Surgical Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion versus Midline Lumbar Fusion","volume":"12","author":"Elmekaty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2004000500014","article-title":"TLIF: Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"62","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arq. Neuro Psiquiatr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2010.48.3.219","article-title":"Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using a Single Interbody Cage and a Tubular Retraction System: Technical Tips, and Perioperative, Radiologic and Clinical Outcomes","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2019.04.03","article-title":"Complication avoidance in minimally invasive spinal surgery","volume":"5","author":"Derman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/657342","article-title":"Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Perspective on Current Evidence and Clinical Knowledge","volume":"2012","author":"Habib","year":"2012","journal-title":"Minim. Invasive Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2010.09.004","article-title":"Complications and perioperative factors associated with learning the technique of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF)","volume":"18","author":"Lau","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lo, C.C., Tsai, K.J., Zhong, Z.C., and Hung, C. (2011). Biomechanical Differences of Coflex-F and Pedicle Screw Fixation in Stabilization of TLIF or ALIF Condition\u2014A Finite Element Study, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-14515-5_144"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Clark, J.C., Bohl, M., and Tumial\u00e1n, L.M. (2016). Evolution of Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Improving Patient Safety and Outcomes."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.14444\/2038","article-title":"Effect of TLIF Cage Placement on In Vivo Kinematics","volume":"9","author":"Castellvi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Y.-H., Niu, C.-C., Hsieh, M.-K., Tsai, T.-T., Chen, W.-J., and Lai, P.-L. (2019). Cage positioning as a risk factor for posterior cage migration following transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion\u2014An analysis of 953 cases. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2630-0"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"389","article-title":"Biomechanical effects of direction-changeable cage positions on lumbar spine: A finite element study","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-009-9053-8","article-title":"Comparison of low back fusion techniques: Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) or posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) approaches","volume":"2","author":"Cole","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/17434440.2019.1601013","article-title":"Device solutions for a challenging spine surgery: Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF)","volume":"16","author":"Sayari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Med. Devices"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2750","article-title":"Biomaterials for intervertebral disc regeneration: Current status and looming challenges","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-017-0106-6","article-title":"Current strategies for treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration: Substitution and regeneration possibilities","volume":"21","author":"Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomater. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.03.013","article-title":"Biomaterials for intervertebral disc regeneration and repair","volume":"129","author":"Bowles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0172-2","article-title":"Injectable biomaterials and vertebral endplate treatment for repair and regeneration of the intervertebral disc","volume":"15","author":"Boyd","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2018.03.04","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma injections: An emerging therapy for chronic discogenic low back pain","volume":"4","author":"Mohammed","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v8.i5.185","article-title":"Stem cells sources for intervertebral disc regeneration","volume":"8","author":"Russo","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7412304","article-title":"Intervertebral Disc-Derived Stem\/Progenitor Cells as a Promising Cell Source for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration","volume":"2018","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"183","article-title":"Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Lumbar Degenerative Disease: Patient Selection and Perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Polat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthop. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2013\/16\/335","article-title":"The current state of endoscopic disc surgery: Review of controlled studies comparing full-endoscopic procedures for disc herniations to standard procedures","volume":"16","author":"Birkenmaier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-018-04283-w","article-title":"Endoscopic spine discectomy: Indications and outcomes","volume":"43","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E8","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.5.FOCUS17146","article-title":"Fully endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion using a percutaneous unilateral biportal endoscopic technique: Technical note and preliminary clinical results","volume":"43","author":"Heo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.7.SPINE15304","article-title":"Percutaneous biportal endoscopic decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis: A technical note and preliminary clinical results","volume":"24","author":"Eum","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.07.146","article-title":"Comparison between Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy and Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Lumbar Disc Herniation with Biradicular Symptoms","volume":"120","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/17434440.2019.1610388","article-title":"Endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: A comprehensive review","volume":"16","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Med. Devices"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5230350","article-title":"Spinal Biologics in Minimally Invasive Lumbar Surgery","volume":"2018","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Minim. Invasive Surg."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.14444\/5013","article-title":"Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Viable Allograft: 75 Consecutive Cases at 12-Month Follow-up","volume":"12","author":"Tally","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx141","article-title":"Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Meta-analysis of the Fusion Rates. What is the Optimal Graft Material?","volume":"81","author":"Alimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000971","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Lumbar Fusion Rates with and Without the Use of rhBMP-2","volume":"40","author":"Galimberti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1046-1","article-title":"The use of RhBMP-2 in single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: A clinical and radiographic analysis","volume":"18","author":"Rihn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Souza, M., Macdonald, N.A., Gendreau, J.L., Duddleston, P.J., Feng, A.Y., and Ho, A.L. (2019). Graft Materials and Biologics for Spinal Interbody Fusion. Biomedicines, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines7040075"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-014-1529-6","article-title":"Fusion rate according to mixture ratio and volumes of bone graft in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: Minimum 2-year follow-up","volume":"25","author":"Yoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-019-00634-x","article-title":"Fusion rate and influence of surgery-related factors in lumbar interbody arthrodesis for degenerative spine diseases: A meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"104","author":"Formica","year":"2020","journal-title":"Musculoskelet. Surg."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2013.06.006","article-title":"Effect of steerable cage placement during minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion on lumbar lordosis","volume":"21","author":"Lindley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2018.0087","article-title":"Does the Cage Position in Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Determine Unilateral versus Bilateral Screw Placement? A Review of the Literature","volume":"13","author":"McKissack","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.6.SPINE13488","article-title":"Increased incidence of pseudarthrosis after unilateral instrumented transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in patients with lumbar spondylosis","volume":"21","author":"Gologorsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.2.FOCUS12398","article-title":"Unilateral versus bilateral percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"35","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2482-14-87","article-title":"Unilateral versus bilateral pedicle screw fixation of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF): A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Surg."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7424568","article-title":"Cortical Bone Trajectory Screws in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Maximal Muscle Sparing\u2014A Prospective Comparative Study with the Traditional Open Technique","volume":"2018","author":"Marengo","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.05.218","article-title":"Comparative Study of Two Surgical Techniques for Proximal Adjacent Segment Pathology after Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Pedicle Screws: Fusion Extension using Conventional Pedicle Screw vs Cortical Bone Trajectory-Pedicle Screw (Cortical Screw)","volume":"117","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"e16751","article-title":"Comparison of cortical bone trajectory versus pedicle screw techniques in lumbar fusion surgery","volume":"98","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicines"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.14444\/4029","article-title":"The Effect of Smoking on Spinal Fusion","volume":"11","author":"Berman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200112010-00018","article-title":"Smoking as a Predictor of Negative Outcome in Lumbar Spinal Fusion","volume":"26","author":"Andersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cadel, E.S., Krech, E.D., Arnold, P.M., and Friis, E.A. (2018). Stacked PZT Discs Generate Necessary Power for Bone Healing through Electrical Stimulation in a Composite Spinal Fusion Implant. Bioengineering, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering5040090"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61266-x","article-title":"Efficacy of Electrical Stimulation for Spinal Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"10","author":"Akhter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b02c59","article-title":"The effect of electrical stimulation on lumbar spinal fusion in older patients: A randomized, controlled, multi-center trial: Part 2: Fusion rates","volume":"34","author":"Andersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b02988","article-title":"The effect of electrical stimulation on lumbar spinal fusion in older patients: A randomized, controlled, multi-center trial: Part 1: Functional outcome","volume":"34","author":"Andersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06090-2","article-title":"Radiographic and functional outcomes of bisphosphonate use in lumbar fusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies","volume":"29","author":"Fretes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.06.025","article-title":"Enhancement of graft bone healing by intermittent administration of human parathyroid hormone (1\u201334) in a rat spinal arthrodesis model","volume":"41","author":"Abe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"E234","article-title":"Learning Curve of a Complex Surgical Technique: Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (MIS TLIF)","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.08.076","article-title":"Clinical Outcomes of Minimally Invasive versus Open Single Level TLIF: A Propensity Matched Cohort Study","volume":"14","author":"Djurasovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E191","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000078","article-title":"Quality-of-Life Outcomes with Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Based on Long-Term Analysis of 304 Consecutive Patients","volume":"39","author":"Hussain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2014.12.034","article-title":"A Prospective, Multi-Institutional Comparative Effectiveness Study of Lumbar Spine Surgery in Morbidly Obese Patients: Does Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Result in Superior Outcomes?","volume":"83","author":"Adogwa","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganse, B., Pishnamaz, M., Kobbe, P., Herren, C., Gradl-Dietsch, G., B\u00f6hle, F., Johannes, B., Kim, B.-S., Horst, K., and Knobe, M. (2017). Microcirculation in open vs. minimally invasive dorsal stabilization of thoracolumbar fractures. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188115"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1080\/13645706.2016.1273837","article-title":"Three-year postoperative outcomes between MIS and conventional TLIF in1-segment lumbar disc herniation","volume":"26","author":"Lv","year":"2016","journal-title":"Minim. Invasive Ther. Allied Technol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.oa.2018-0194","article-title":"Time Course Observation of Outcomes between Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion","volume":"59","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17420","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017420","article-title":"An updated meta-analysis of clinical outcomes comparing minimally invasive with open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in patients with degenerative lumbar diseases","volume":"98","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-017-0464-9","article-title":"Hidden and overall haemorrhage following minimally invasive and open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-016-1755-1","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of two minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for lumbar degenerative diseases","volume":"26","author":"Tian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-016-0806-8","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and lateral lumbar interbody fusion for treatment of degenerative lumbar disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Keorochana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Rev."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.02.043","article-title":"Comparison of Preliminary clinical outcomes between percutaneous endoscopic and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for lumbar degenerative diseases in a tertiary hospital: Is percutaneous endoscopic procedure superior to MIS-TLIF? A prospective cohort study","volume":"76","author":"Ao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002863","article-title":"Time Taken to Return to Work Does Not Influence Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion","volume":"44","author":"Liow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001054","article-title":"Elderly Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion May Have Similar Clinical Outcomes, Perioperative Complications, and Fusion Rates as Their Younger Counterparts","volume":"478","author":"Goh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.01.29","article-title":"Limitations and complications of minimally invasive spinal surgery in adult deformity","volume":"6","author":"Januszewski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2-26","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200211002-00001","article-title":"Review: Complications of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery","volume":"51","author":"Fessler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3495-z","article-title":"Complications Associated with the Initial Learning Curve of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review","volume":"472","author":"Sclafani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4103\/isj.isj_33_19","article-title":"Complications and limitations of tubular retractor system in minimally invasive spine surgery: A review","volume":"3","author":"Jhala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.11.047","article-title":"Obese Class III patients at significantly greater risk of multiple complications after lumbar surgery: An analysis of 10,387 patients in the ACS NSQIP database","volume":"14","author":"Buerba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31823bbeef","article-title":"Morbid Obesity Increases Cost and Complication Rates in Spinal Arthrodesis","volume":"37","author":"Kalanithi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2007.6.4.1","article-title":"Obesity and spine surgery: Relation to perioperative complications","volume":"6","author":"Patel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"e2288","article-title":"Effect of Body Mass Index on Perioperative Outcomes in Minimally Invasive Oblique Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion versus Open Fusions: A Multivariant Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Abbasi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151459320911874","DOI":"10.1177\/2151459320911874","article-title":"Postoperative Anemia Predicts Length of Stay for Geriatric Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Lumbar Spine Fusion Surgery","volume":"11","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geriatr. Orthop. Surg. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-01971-5","article-title":"Hidden blood loss and its possible risk factors in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.14444\/7018","article-title":"Risk Factors for Medical and Surgical Complications After Single-Level Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion","volume":"14","author":"Narain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E307","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000001012","article-title":"Diabetes Does Not Increase Complications, Length of Stay, or Hospital Costs After Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion","volume":"33","author":"Narain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200010150-00011","article-title":"The Effect of Cigarette Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Spinal Fusion","volume":"25","author":"Glassman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elmasry, S., Asfour, S., Vaccari, J.P.D.R., and Travascio, F. (2015). Effects of Tobacco Smoking on the Degeneration of the Intervertebral Disc: A Finite Element Study. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136137"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S117063","article-title":"Comparison of outcomes between minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and traditional posterior lumbar intervertebral fusion in obese patients with lumbar disk prolapse","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther. Clin. Risk Manag."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1579747","article-title":"The Effect of Obesity on the Improvement in Health State Outcomes following Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion","volume":"6","author":"McAnany","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000933","article-title":"Complications Following Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion","volume":"33","author":"Jenkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2018.12.5.830","article-title":"Risk Factors for Pseudarthrosis in Minimally-Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion","volume":"12","author":"Emami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.21182\/jmisst.2019.00073","article-title":"Surgical Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Elderly","volume":"5","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Minim. Invasive Spine Surg. Tech."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2017.11.2.230","article-title":"Elderly Patients Achieving Clinical and Radiological Outcomes Comparable with Those of Younger Patients Following Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion","volume":"11","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.118","article-title":"Risk Factors Related to Superior Facet Joint Violation During Lumbar Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Placement in Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (MIS-TLIF)","volume":"139","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"39","article-title":"Updates in the use of bone grafts in the lumbar spine","volume":"71","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull. Hosp. Jt. Dis."},{"key":"ref_92","unstructured":"Galia, C.R., and Moreira, L.F. (2012). The Biology of Bone Grafts. Recent Advances in Arthroplasty, IntechOpen."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldberg, V.M., and Akhavan, S. (2005). Biology of Bone Grafts. Bone Regeneration and Repair, Springer Science and Business Media LLC.","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-863-3:057"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181cec4a1","article-title":"Autologous Bone Graft: Properties and Techniques","volume":"24","author":"Pape","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.01.004","article-title":"Bone grafting options for lumbar spine surgery: A review examining clinical efficacy and complications","volume":"4","author":"Vaz","year":"2010","journal-title":"SAS J."},{"key":"ref_96","unstructured":"Herkowitz, H.N. (2004). The Lumbar Spine, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2008.02.009","article-title":"In situ local autograft for instrumented lower lumbar or lumbosacral posterolateral fusion","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000085326.73430.68","article-title":"Is Local Bone Viable as a Source of Bone Graft in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion?","volume":"28","author":"Miura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2009.1.4.214","article-title":"Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using a Unilateral Single Cage and a Local Morselized Bone Graft in the Degenerative Lumbar Spine","volume":"1","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.14444\/5012","article-title":"Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Local Bone Graft Alone for Single-Level Isthmic Spondylolisthesis","volume":"12","author":"Sleem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e018","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOSGlobal-D-18-00018","article-title":"Lumbar Spine Fusion Rates with Local Bone in Posterolateral and Combined Posterolateral and Interbody Approaches","volume":"3","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAAOS Glob. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.14444\/6044","article-title":"Minimally Invasive Lumbar Interbody Fusion with an Expandable Meshed Allograft Containment Device: Analysis of Subsidence With 12-Month Minimum Follow-Up","volume":"13","author":"Kolcun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E748","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000240211.23617.ae","article-title":"Cantilever TLIF With Structural Allograft and RhBMP2 for Correction and Maintenance of Segmental Sagittal Lordosis","volume":"31","author":"Anand","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-014-5240-2","article-title":"Bone substitutes in orthopaedic surgery: From basic science to clinical practice","volume":"25","author":"Campana","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000281","article-title":"Biologics in Spine Arthrodesis","volume":"28","author":"Kannan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Spinal Disord. Tech."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.06.199","article-title":"Allograft bone matrix versus synthetic bone graft substitutes","volume":"42","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.02.006","article-title":"Demineralized bone matrix and spinal arthrodesis","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.06.008","article-title":"Demineralized bone matrix in bone repair: History and use","volume":"64","author":"Gruskin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-005-0111-5","article-title":"The Clinical Use of Allografts, Demineralized Bone Matrices, Synthetic Bone Graft Substitutes and Osteoinductive Growth Factors: A Survey Study","volume":"1","author":"Bostrom","year":"2005","journal-title":"HSS J."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199206000-00010","article-title":"Implants of Heterologous Demineralized Bone Matrix for Induction of Posterior Spinal Fusion in Rats","volume":"17","author":"Guizzardi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.31085","article-title":"Quantification of various growth factors in different demineralized bone matrix preparations","volume":"81","author":"Wildemann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2020.00010","article-title":"In-vivo Performance of Seven Commercially Available Demineralized Bone Matrix Fiber and Putty Products in a Rat Posterolateral Fusion Model","volume":"7","author":"Russell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Surg."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200410000-00016","article-title":"Osteoinductivity of Commercially Available Demineralized Bone Matrix","volume":"86","author":"Peterson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. Vol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-017-2818-4","article-title":"Local effect of zoledronic acid on new bone formation in posterolateral spinal fusion with demineralized bone matrix in a murine model","volume":"138","author":"Zwolak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1997.86.1.0093","article-title":"Utilization of type I collagen gel, demineralized bone matrix, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 to enhance autologous bone lumbar spinal fusion","volume":"86","author":"Helm","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_116","first-page":"39","article-title":"A review of demineralized bone matrices for spinal fusion: The evidence for efficacy","volume":"11","author":"Aghdasi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1315454","article-title":"Improving the Clinical Evidence of Bone Graft Substitute Technology in Lumbar Spine Surgery","volume":"2","author":"Hsu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-020-09651-x","article-title":"Ceramic Biologics for Bony Fusion\u2014a Journey from First to Third Generations","volume":"13","author":"Ortega","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200503000-00006","article-title":"Use of Osteopromotive Growth Factors, Demineralized Bone Matrix, and Ceramics to Enhance Spinal Fusion","volume":"13","author":"Khan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S169","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860100270","article-title":"Clinical applications of bone graft substitutes in spine surgery: Consideration of mineralized and demineralized preparations and growth factor supplementation","volume":"10","author":"Tay","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1378141","article-title":"Ceramic-Based Bone Grafts as a Bone Grafts Extender for Lumbar Spine Arthrodesis: A Systematic Review","volume":"4","author":"Nickoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-014-1199-8","article-title":"Ceramic and non-ceramic hydroxyapatite as a bone graft material: A brief review","volume":"184","author":"Dutta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ir. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.21182\/jmisst.2016.00129","article-title":"The Benefit of Hydroxyapatite-augmented Pedicle Screw Fixation in Degenerative Spondylolisthesis Patients with Osteoporosis","volume":"1","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Minim. Invasive Spine Surg. Tech."},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"746","article-title":"Biomechanical Study on Kidney-Shaped Nano-Hydroxapatite\/Polyamide 66 Cage","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. Reparative Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2013.05.073","article-title":"Osteoconductive hydroxyapatite coated PEEK for spinal fusion surgery","volume":"283","author":"Hahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_126","first-page":"133","article-title":"Spinal fusion induced by porous hydroxyapatite blocks (HA). Experimental comparative study with HA, demineralized bone matrix and autogenous bone marrow","volume":"19","author":"Ragni","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ital. J. Orthop. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2016.59.4.363","article-title":"Matched Comparison of Fusion Rates between Hydroxyapatite Demineralized Bone Matrix and Autograft in Lumbar Interbody Fusion","volume":"59","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2017.11.5.706","article-title":"Comparison of Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using a Combination of Hydroxyapatite and Demineralized Bone Matrix and Autografts for Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis","volume":"11","author":"Gatam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02555820","article-title":"Formation of carbonate-apatite crystals after implantation of calcium phosphate ceramics","volume":"46","author":"Daculsi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217699201","article-title":"Clinical Application of Ceramics in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Review and Update","volume":"7","author":"Zadegan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.06.022","article-title":"\u03b2-tricalcium phosphate for bone substitution: Synthesis and properties","volume":"113","author":"Bohner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2004.01002.x","article-title":"Effects of tricalcium phosphate bone graft materials on primary cultures of osteoblast cells in vitro","volume":"15","author":"Aybar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.morpho.2017.03.005","article-title":"Beta-tricalcium phosphate for orthopedic reconstructions as an alternative to autogenous bone graft","volume":"101","author":"Hernigou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Morphology"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.st.2013-0393","article-title":"Surgical Results of Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Calcium Phosphate Cement","volume":"54","author":"Hirasawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol. Med."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1509","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31820e60d9","article-title":"\u03b2-Tricalcium Phosphate Promotes Bony Fusion after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Using Titanium Cages","volume":"36","author":"Sugawara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20020502-06","article-title":"Adjunctive use of ultraporous beta-tricalcium phosphate bone void filler in spinal arthrodesis","volume":"25","author":"Meadows","year":"2002","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsp.2011.10.001","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic outcomes of extreme lateral approach to interbody fusion with \u03b2-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite composite for lumbar degenerative conditions","volume":"6","author":"Rodgers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20020502-07","article-title":"Use of an advanced formulation of beta-tricalcium phosphate as a bone extender in interbody lumbar fusion","volume":"25","author":"Linovitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(01)00108-5","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of calcium sulfate as a bone graft substitute for lumbar spinal fusion","volume":"1","author":"Glazer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-017-6017-1","article-title":"Osteoinduction and -conduction through absorbable bone substitute materials based on calcium sulfate: In vivo biological behavior in a rabbit model","volume":"29","author":"Harrasser","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1563\/1548-1336(2002)028<0273:BRWCSE>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Bone Regeneration with Calcium Sulfate: Evidence for Increased Angiogenesis in Rabbits","volume":"28","author":"Strocchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Oral Implantol."},{"key":"ref_142","first-page":"605","article-title":"Efficacy of Calcium Sulfate Pellets as Bone Graft Substitute in Lumbar Posterolateral Fusion","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s40204-019-0116-7","article-title":"Manipulation of the degradation behavior of calcium sulfate by the addition of bioglass","volume":"8","author":"Hsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.04.005","article-title":"Evaluation of Bioabsorbable Multiamino Acid Copolymer\/Nanohydroxyapatite\/Calcium Sulfate Cage in a Goat Spine Model","volume":"103","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B7.19148","article-title":"The role of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement in modern orthopaedic surgery","volume":"89","author":"Webb","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br. Vol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.222826","article-title":"Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion using bone cement-augmented pedicle screws for lumbar spondylolisthesis in patients with osteoporosis. Case series and review of literature","volume":"66","author":"Vemula","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol. India"},{"key":"ref_147","first-page":"2280800020903630","article-title":"Minimally invasive injectable lumbar interbody fusion with mineralized collagen-modified PMMA bone cement: A new animal model","volume":"18","author":"Kong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomater. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.08.030","article-title":"Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages in cervical applications: A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Kersten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-4994-x","article-title":"Does PEEK\/HA Enhance Bone Formation Compared With PEEK in a Sheep Cervical Fusion Model?","volume":"474","author":"Walsh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2018.07.016","article-title":"Developments of nano-TiO2 incorporated hydroxyapatite\/PEEK composite strut for cervical reconstruction and interbody fusion after corpectomy with anterior plate fixation","volume":"187","author":"Kong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.06.034","article-title":"Evaluation of a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) titanium composite interbody spacer in an ovine lumbar interbody fusion model: Biomechanical, microcomputed tomographic, and histologic analyses","volume":"17","author":"McGilvray","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S164","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.08.88","article-title":"3D printing in spine surgery","volume":"7","author":"Sheha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.03.047","article-title":"Rough titanium alloys regulate osteoblast production of angiogenic factors","volume":"13","author":"Hyzy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2019.07.011","article-title":"Lumbar interbody fusion rates with 3D-printed lamellar titanium cages using a silicate-substituted calcium phosphate bone graft","volume":"68","author":"Mokawem","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309499020927081","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499020927081","article-title":"3D printing and spine surgery","volume":"28","author":"Senkoylu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4760769","article-title":"3D Printing Applications in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery","volume":"2018","author":"Hsu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Minim. Invasive Surg."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2018.08.006","article-title":"Current status of 3D printing in spine surgery","volume":"9","author":"Garg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.01.078","article-title":"L5 En-Bloc Vertebrectomy with Customized Reconstructive Implant: Comparison of Patient-Specific Versus Off-the-Shelf Implant","volume":"112","author":"Mobbs","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.01.019","article-title":"Vertebral body replacement using patient-specific three-dimensional-printed polymer implants in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: An encouraging preliminary report","volume":"18","author":"Amelot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2018.05.16","article-title":"Utilization of the 3D-printed spine model for freehand pedicle screw placement in complex spinal deformity correction","volume":"4","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.05.001","article-title":"Outcome and safety analysis of 3D-printed patient-specific pedicle screw jigs for complex spinal deformities: A comparative study","volume":"19","author":"Garg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000000739","article-title":"Does Three-dimensional Printing Plus Pedicle Guider Technology in Severe Congenital Scoliosis Facilitate Accurate and Efficient Pedicle Screw Placement?","volume":"477","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-05978-3","article-title":"Pedicle screw insertion with patient-specific 3D-printed guides based on low-dose CT scan is more accurate than free-hand technique in spine deformity patients: A prospective, randomized clinical trial","volume":"28","author":"Cecchinato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S100","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyw085","article-title":"Novel Osteobiologics and Biomaterials in the Treatment of Spinal Disorders","volume":"80","author":"Hsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2016.10.6.1091","article-title":"Bone Morphogenic Protein Is a Viable Adjunct for Fusion in Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion","volume":"10","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-12-201306180-00005","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 for spinal fusion: A meta-analysis of individual-participant data","volume":"158","author":"Simmonds","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2011.04.023","article-title":"A critical review of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 trials in spinal surgery: Emerging safety concerns and lessons learned","volume":"11","author":"Carragee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-012-1607-3","article-title":"Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 versus autogenous iliac crest bone graft for lumbar fusion: A meta-analysis of ten randomized controlled trials","volume":"132","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.07.005","article-title":"Promoting fusion in minimally invasive lumbar interbody stabilization with low-dose bone morphogenic protein-2\u2014but what is the cost?","volume":"11","author":"Mannion","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-12-201306180-00006","article-title":"Effectiveness and Harms of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Spine Fusion","volume":"158","author":"Fu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E272","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000800","article-title":"The Use of Bone Morphogenetic Protein in the Intervertebral Disk Space in Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion","volume":"32","author":"White","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.08.230","article-title":"Comparison of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion outcomes in patients receiving rhBMP-2 versus autograft","volume":"18","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.05.531","article-title":"P133. Does bone morphogenic protein (BMP) use reduce pseudoarthrosis rates in single-level TLIF surgeries?","volume":"20","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002993","article-title":"Minimally Effective Dose of Bone Morphogenetic Protein in Minimally Invasive Lumbar Interbody Fusions: Six Hundred Ninety Patients in a Dose-Finding Longitudinal Cohort Study","volume":"44","author":"Lytle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.04.012","article-title":"The minimally effective dose of bone morphogenetic protein in posterior lumbar interbody fusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Lytle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-9-32","article-title":"Identification of mesenchymal stem cells and osteogenic factors in bone marrow aspirate and peripheral blood for spinal fusion by flow cytometry and proteomic analysis","volume":"9","author":"Niu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/ID.0b013e3181835b13","article-title":"Toward the Identification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood for Bone Regeneration","volume":"17","author":"Smiler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Implant. Dent."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.11.021","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells slow intervertebral disc degeneration through the NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"15","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.05.024","article-title":"Cellular bone matrices: Viable stem cell-containing bone graft substitutes","volume":"14","author":"Skovrlj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e135","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.00330","article-title":"Examination of the Role of Cells in Commercially Available Cellular Allografts in Spine Fusion: An in Vivo Animal Study","volume":"102","author":"Abedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. Vol."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, T.-H., Huang, Y.-H., Chang, N.-K., Lin, W.-C., Chien, P.-W.C., Su, T.-M., Hsieh, D.-J., and Lee, T.-C. (2013). Characterization and spinal fusion effect of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Res. Notes, 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-528"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.10.009","article-title":"An allograft generated from adult stem cells and their secreted products efficiently fuses vertebrae in immunocompromised athymic rats and inhibits local immune responses","volume":"17","author":"Clough","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, T.-S., Ueng, S.W., Tsai, T.-T., Chen, L.-H., Lin, S.-S., and Chen, W.-J. (2010). Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on mesenchymal stem cells for lumbar fusion in vivo. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-52"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2005.11.1159","article-title":"Evaluation of Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell\u2013Calcium Phosphate Ceramic Composite for Lumbar Fusion in Rhesus Monkey Interbody Fusion Model","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tissue Eng."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.06.026","article-title":"The clinical use of enriched bone marrow stem cells combined with porous beta-tricalcium phosphate in posterior spinal fusion","volume":"29","author":"Gan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002255","article-title":"Long-term Radiological and Clinical Outcomes After Using Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Concentrate Obtained with Selective Retention Cell Technology in Posterolateral Spinal Fusion","volume":"42","author":"Yousef","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.12.084","article-title":"Transplantation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in a Rabbit Model of Traumatic Degeneration of Lumbar Discs","volume":"78","author":"Chun","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-016-3051-6","article-title":"Application of a three-dimensional graft of autologous osteodifferentiated adipose stem cells in patients undergoing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: Clinical proof of concept","volume":"159","author":"Fomekong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00292","article-title":"Stem Cells from Human Fat as Cellular Delivery Vehicles in an Athymic Rat Posterolateral Spine Fusion Model","volume":"90","author":"Hsu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. Vol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.3.1.0047","article-title":"Murine spinal fusion induced by engineered mesenchymal stem cells that conditionally express bone morphogenetic protein\u20142","volume":"3","author":"Hasharoni","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31816b45c3","article-title":"Comparison of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow for Ex Vivo Gene Therapy in Rat Spinal Fusion Model","volume":"33","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2008.0566","article-title":"Immunogenicity of Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in a Rat Spinal Fusion Model","volume":"15","author":"McIntosh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part. A"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20735","article-title":"Acceleration of spinal fusion using syngeneic and allogeneic adult adipose derived stem cells in a rat model","volume":"27","author":"Lopez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201000433","article-title":"The Use of Poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone) as a Scaffold for Adipose Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Engineering: Application in a Spinal Fusion Model","volume":"11","author":"Vergroesen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3696-x","article-title":"Spinal fusion using adipose stem cells seeded on a radiolucent cage filler: A feasibility study of a single surgical procedure in goats","volume":"24","author":"Kroeze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75385-y","article-title":"Osteogenic potential of human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs) seeded on titanium trabecular spinal cages","volume":"10","author":"Caliogna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.05.433","article-title":"P9. Dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG) preconditioning of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells as strategy for enhancing posterolateral lumbar fusion in a rat model","volume":"19","author":"Holmes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/term.445","article-title":"Posterolateral spinal fusion with nano-hydroxyapatite-collagen\/PLA composite and autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a rabbit model","volume":"6","author":"Tang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20046","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28601","article-title":"Effect of strontium substituted \u00df-TCP associated to mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue on spinal fusion in healthy and ovariectomized rat","volume":"234","author":"Salamanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34143-x","article-title":"WISP-1 drives bone formation at the expense of fat formation in human perivascular stem cells","volume":"8","author":"Meyers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx250","article-title":"Emerging Safety of Intramedullary Transplantation of Human Neural Stem Cells in Chronic Cervical and Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"82","author":"Levi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmw121","article-title":"Isolation and identification of stem cells from degenerated human intervertebral discs and their migration characteristics","volume":"49","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-11-18","article-title":"The role of human umbilical cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UCX\u00ae) in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Santos","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2014\/17\/E525","article-title":"Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for the treatment of chronic discogenic low back pain","volume":"17","author":"Pang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E761","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.181696","article-title":"Intramedullary cervical spinal mass after stem cell transplantation using an olfactory mucosal cell autograft","volume":"191","author":"Woodworth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201200373","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles","volume":"13","author":"Katsuda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.2355","article-title":"New advances in stem cell research: Practical implications for regenerative medicine","volume":"124","author":"Ratajczak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pol. Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau6977","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6977","article-title":"The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes","volume":"367","author":"Kalluri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.17133","article-title":"Exosomes derived from miR-140-5p-overexpressing human synovial mesenchymal stem cells enhance cartilage tissue regeneration and prevent osteoarthritis of the knee in a rat model","volume":"7","author":"Tao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3388","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5063","article-title":"Systemic Administration of Exosomes Released from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Attenuates Apoptosis, Inflammation, and Promotes Angiogenesis after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5835","article-title":"Exosomes Derived from Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Repair Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury by Suppressing the Activation of A1 Neurotoxic Reactive Astrocytes","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0563-9","article-title":"Exosomes as potential alternatives to stem cell therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration: In-vitro study on exosomes in interaction of nucleus pulposus cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"8","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4084","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.33638","article-title":"Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells modulate endoplasmic reticulum stress to protect against nucleus pulposus cell death and ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Liao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11742","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15784","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration through inhibiting pyroptosis","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8361798","article-title":"Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Spinal Fusion Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"2020","author":"Manini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_216","first-page":"1","article-title":"Research Progress in the Mechanism of Effect of PRP in Bone Deficiency Healing","volume":"2013","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31825567b7","article-title":"Platelet-Rich Plasma Combined with Hydroxyapatite for Lumbar Interbody Fusion Promoted Bone Formation and Decreased an Inflammatory Pain Neuropeptide in Rats","volume":"37","author":"Kamoda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36715","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36715","article-title":"Freeze-Dried Platelet-Rich Plasma Accelerates Bone Union with Adequate Rigidity in Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion Surgery Model in Rats","volume":"6","author":"Shiga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00320","article-title":"The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion in a Rat Model","volume":"95","author":"Kamoda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. Vol."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2018.12.1.112","article-title":"Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Bone Fusion in Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion","volume":"12","author":"Kubota","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1376157","article-title":"Posterolateral Arthrodesis in Lumbar Spine Surgery Using Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma and Cancellous Bone Substitute: An Osteoinductive and Osteoconductive Effect","volume":"4","author":"Tarantino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217696690","article-title":"Efficacy of Early Fusion with Local Bone Graft and Platelet-Rich Plasma in Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery Followed Over 10 Years","volume":"7","author":"Imagama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.047","article-title":"Efficacy of Using Platelet-Rich Plasma in Spinal Fusion Surgery\u2014A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses\u2013Compliant Meta-Analysis","volume":"139","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/7\/3638\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:55:50Z","timestamp":1760363750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/7\/3638"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"references-count":223,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms22073638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22073638","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]}}}