{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T10:17:33Z","timestamp":1773224253998,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"MIUR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MIUR (Ministry of Education, University and Research, Italy)-University of Florence to R.S., F.C., S.Z.-O., M.M. and C.S. and by FFABR-MIUR 2017 (Financing Fund for Basic Research Activi-ties-MIUR) granted to R.S., M.M. and C.S."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIUR (Ministry of Education, University and Research, Italy)-University of Florence to R.S., F.C., S.Z.-O., M.M. and C.S. and by FFABR-MIUR 2017 (Financing Fund for Basic Research Activi-ties-MIUR) granted to R.S., M.M. and C.S."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bone marrow-mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells (MSCs) may offer promise for skeletal muscle repair\/regeneration. Growing evidence suggests that the mechanisms underpinning the beneficial effects of such cells in muscle tissue reside in their ability to secrete bioactive molecules (secretome) with multiple actions. Hence, we examined the effects of MSC secretome as conditioned medium (MSC-CM) on ex vivo murine extensor digitorum longus muscle injured by forced eccentric contraction (EC). By combining morphological (light and confocal laser scanning microscopies) and electrophysiological analyses we demonstrated the capability of MSC-CM to attenuate EC-induced tissue structural damages and sarcolemnic functional properties\u2019 modifications. MSC-CM was effective in protecting myofibers from apoptosis, as suggested by a reduced expression of pro-apoptotic markers, cytochrome c and activated caspase-3, along with an increase in the expression of pro-survival AKT factor. Notably, MSC-CM also reduced the EC-induced tissue redistribution and extension of telocytes\/CD34+ stromal cells, distinctive cells proposed to play a \u201cnursing\u201d role for the muscle resident myogenic satellite cells (SCs), regarded as the main players of regeneration. Moreover, it affected SC functionality likely contributing to replenishment of the SC reservoir. This study provides the necessary groundwork for further investigation of the effects of MSC secretome in the setting of skeletal muscle injury and regenerative medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T21:37:03Z","timestamp":1617226623000},"page":"3645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome as Conditioned Medium Relieves Experimental Skeletal Muscle Damage Induced by Ex Vivo Eccentric Contraction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Roberta","family":"Squecco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Physiological Sciences, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Tani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flaminia","family":"Chellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachele","family":"Garella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Physiological Sciences, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2756-6552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eglantina","family":"Idrizaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Physiological Sciences, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6352-0175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5932-7118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Zecchi-Orlandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3956-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirko","family":"Manetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1337-0938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Sassoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2165\/11594800-000000000-00000","article-title":"Hamstring strain injuries: Factors that lead to injury and re-injury","volume":"42","author":"Opar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2020.11.002","article-title":"The application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and biomaterials in skeletal muscle regeneration","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Regen. 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