{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T02:41:14Z","timestamp":1782873674570,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BFU2011- 24679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BFU2011- 24679"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI15\/00701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/00701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund \u2018\u2018A way to build Europe\u2019\u2019","award":["PI15\/00701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/00701"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003030","name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-SGR-204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-SGR-204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lipids are highly diverse in their composition, properties and distribution in different biological entities. We aim to establish the lipidomes of several insulin-sensitive tissues and to test their plasticity when divergent feeding regimens and lifestyles are imposed. Here, we report a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) study of lipid abundance across 4 tissues of C57Bl6J male mice that includes the changes in the lipid profile after every lifestyle intervention. Every tissue analysed presented a specific lipid profile irrespective of interventions. Glycerolipids and fatty acids were most abundant in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) followed by liver, whereas sterol lipids and phosphoglycerolipids were highly enriched in hypothalamus, and gastrocnemius had the lowest content in all lipid species compared to the other tissues. Both when subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) and after a subsequent lifestyle intervention (INT), the lipidome of hypothalamus showed no changes. Gastrocnemius and liver revealed a pattern of increase in content in many lipid species after HFD followed by a regression to basal levels after INT, while eWAT lipidome was affected mainly by the fat composition of the administered diets and not their caloric density. Thus, the present study demonstrates a unique lipidome for each tissue modulated by caloric intake and dietary composition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T23:05:11Z","timestamp":1617318311000},"page":"3694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effects of Lifestyle Intervention in Tissue-Specific Lipidomic Profile of Formerly Obese Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1079-2139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norma","family":"Dahdah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9081-753X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alba","family":"Gonzalez-Franquesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Samino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering &amp; IISPV, 43004 Tarragona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pau","family":"Gama-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4244-4673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y la Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos","family":"Perales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition, Metabolism and Gene Therapy Group, Diabetes and Metabolism Program, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3695-7157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Yanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering &amp; IISPV, 43004 Tarragona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Del Mar","family":"Malag\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y la Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, IMIBIC, Reina Sof\u00eda University Hospital, University of C\u00f3rdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo Miguel","family":"Garcia-Roves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y la Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition, Metabolism and Gene Therapy Group, Diabetes and Metabolism Program, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161215","article-title":"Lipidomic Profiles in Diabetes and Dementia","volume":"59","author":"Huynh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2009.12.006","article-title":"Adipose tissue expandability, lipotoxicity and the Metabolic Syndrome\u2014An allostatic perspective","volume":"1801","author":"Virtue","year":"2010","journal-title":"BBA Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-48382-5_12","article-title":"Insulin resistance, obesity and lipotoxicity","volume":"Volume 960","author":"Engin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obesity and Lipotoxicity: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2009.09.011","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and lipotoxicity","volume":"1801","author":"Schrauwen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-48382-5_8","article-title":"What is lipotoxicity","volume":"Volume 960","author":"Engin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obesity and Lipotoxicity: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00371.2013","article-title":"A systematic survey of lipids across mouse tissues","volume":"306","author":"Jain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lydic, T.A., and Goo, Y.-H. (2018). Lipidomics unveils the complexity of the lipidome in metabolic diseases. Lydic. Goo. Clin. Trans. Med., 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40169-018-0182-9"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pradas, I., Huynh, K., Cabr\u00e9, R., Ayala, V., Meikle, P.J., Jov\u00e9, M., and Pamplona, R. (2018). Lipidomics reveals a tissue-specific fingerprint. Front. Physiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01165"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665116000288","article-title":"Circadian regulation of lipid metabolism","volume":"Volume 75","author":"Gooley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mizunoya, W., Iwamoto, Y., Shirouchi, B., Sato, M., Komiya, Y., Razin, F.R., Tatsumi, R., Sato, Y., Nakamura, M., and Ikeuchi, Y. (2013). Dietary fat influences the expression of contractile and metabolic genes in rat skeletal muscle. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080152"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.073","article-title":"Cold-Activated Lipid Dynamics in Adipose Tissue Highlights a Role for Cardiolipin in Thermogenic Metabolism","volume":"24","author":"Lynes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Z., You, W., Zhou, Y., Chen, W., Wang, Y., and Shan, T. (2019). Cold-induced lipid dynamics and transcriptional programs in white adipose tissue. BMC Biol., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-019-0693-x"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S.T., Lee, J.C., Kim, J.W., Cho, S.Y., Seong, J.K., and Moon, M.H. (2016). Global Changes in Lipid Profiles of Mouse Cortex, Hippocampus, and Hypothalamus Upon p53 Knockout. Sci. Rep., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36510"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Id, F.I., Fretts, A., Id, M.M., Korat, A.V.A., Yang, W., Lankinen, M., Qureshi, W., Helmer, C., Chen, T., and Id, K.W. (2018). Fatty acid biomarkers of dairy fat consumption and incidence of T2DM, a pooled analysis of prospective Cohort Studies. PLoS Med., 15."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Id, M.G., Id, M.H.S., and Lo, C. (2019). V Lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis of western diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in female Ldlr\u2212\/\u2212 mice. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216535"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.029","article-title":"Lipidomic biomarkers and mechanisms of lipotoxicity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"144","author":"Pierantonelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.266","article-title":"Obesity-induced changes in lipid mediators persist after weight loss","volume":"42","author":"Weber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou, B., Zhao, Y., He, P., Xu, C., Ma, P., Lam, S.M., Li, B., Gil, V., Shui, G., and Qiang, G. (2020). Targeted lipidomics and transcriptomics profiling reveal the heterogeneity of visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Life Sci., 245.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117352"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2015.08.011","article-title":"Of mice, pigs and humans: An analysis of mitochondrial phospholipids from mammals with very different maximal lifespans","volume":"70","author":"Cortie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-2913-1","article-title":"Distinct patterns of tissue-specific lipid accumulation during the induction of insulin resistance in mice by high-fat feeding","volume":"56","author":"Turner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4377","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.233288","article-title":"Consumption of a high-fat diet, but not regular endurance exercise training, regulates hypothalamic lipid accumulation in mice","volume":"590","author":"Borg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2018.05.007","article-title":"High-fat diet-induced lipidome perturbations in the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and olfactory bulb of mice","volume":"1863","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2010.03.011","article-title":"The effect of variations in phospholipid and sterol structure on the nature of lipid\u2014Sterol interactions in lipid bilayer model membranes","volume":"163","author":"Mannock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morgan, A.E., and Auley, M.T.M. (2020). Cholesterol homeostasis: An in silico investigation into how aging disrupts its key hepatic regulatory mechanisms. Biology, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9100314"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2017.04.006","article-title":"The critical role of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine metabolism in health and disease","volume":"1859","author":"Kennelly","year":"2017","journal-title":"BBA Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.6.1270","article-title":"Free Fatty Acid\u2013Induced Insulin Resistance Is Associated with Activation of Protein Kinase C theta and Alterations in the Insulin Signaling Cascade","volume":"48","author":"Griffin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI5001","article-title":"Effects of free fatty acids on glucose transport and IRS-1\u2014Associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity","volume":"103","author":"Dresner","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117252","article-title":"Mechanisms of fatty acid-induced inhibition of glucose uptake","volume":"93","author":"Boden","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50230","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M200958200","article-title":"Mechanism by which fatty acids inhibit insulin activation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity in muscle","volume":"277","author":"Yu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.7.2005","article-title":"Lipid-induced insulin resistance in human muscle is associated with changes in diacylglycerol, protein kinase C, and IkappaB-alpha","volume":"51","author":"Itani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morales, P.E., Bucarey, J.L., and Espinosa, A. (2017). Muscle lipid metabolism: Role of lipid droplets and perilipins. J. Diabetes Res., 2017.","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1789395"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5755","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.12.8075","article-title":"Skeletal muscle lipid content and insulin resistance: Evidence for a paradox in endurance-trained athletes","volume":"86","author":"Goodpaster","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0410-400","article-title":"Diacylglycerol-mediated insulin resistance","volume":"16","author":"Erion","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"E882","article-title":"Exercise-Induced alterations in intramyocellular lipids and insulin resistance: The athlete\u2019s paradox revisited","volume":"294","author":"Amati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0397","article-title":"Fatty acid metabolism, energy expenditure and insulin resistance in muscle","volume":"220","author":"Turner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2000.279.5.E1039","article-title":"Lipid oxidation is reduced in obese human skeletal muscle","volume":"279","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00514.2002","article-title":"Skeletal muscle lipid metabolism with obesity","volume":"284","author":"Hulver","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.10.2944","article-title":"Dysfunction of mitochondria in human skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes","volume":"51","author":"Kelley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26717B","article-title":"Regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism in lean and obese individuals","volume":"89","author":"Holloway","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10709","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704024104","article-title":"Raising plasma fatty acid concentration induces increased biogenesis of mitochondria in skeletal muscle","volume":"104","author":"Huss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00159.2011","article-title":"Tissue-specific control of mitochondrial respiration in obesity-related insulin resistance and diabetes","volume":"302","author":"Zierath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0093","article-title":"Excess lipid availability increases mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative capacity in muscle. Evidence against a role for reduced fatty acid oxidation in lipid-induced insulin resistance","volume":"56","author":"Turner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2014.03.007","article-title":"Lipid homeostasis in exercise","volume":"19","author":"Bosma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug. Discov. Today"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00023.2004","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Lipid Metabolism in Exercise and Insulin Resistance","volume":"86","author":"Kiens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hargreaves, M., and Spriet, L.L. (2018). Exercise metabolism: Fuels for the fire. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a029744"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02444.x","article-title":"Dietary intervention increases n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in skeletal muscle membrane phospholipids of obese subjects. Implications for insulin sensitivity","volume":"64","author":"Madsbad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turner, N., Lee, J.S., Bruce, C.R., Mitchell, T.W., Else, P.L., Hulbert, A.J., Hawley, J.A., Lee, J.S., Bruce, C.R., and Todd, W. (2021). Greater effect of diet than exercise training on the fatty acid profile of rat skeletal muscle. J. Appl. Physiol., 974\u2013980.","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01003.2003"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"67","article-title":"Substituting dietary linoleic acid with a -linolenic acid improves insulin sensitivity in sucrose fed rats","volume":"1733","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2005","journal-title":"BBA"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3727\/105221617X15124844266408","article-title":"The effects of physical exercise on fatty liver disease","volume":"18","author":"Sud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gene Expr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2007.00752.x","article-title":"Liver lipid metabolism","volume":"92","author":"Nguyen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuente, F.P., Quezada, L., Sep\u00falveda, C., Monsalves-Alvarez, M., Rodr\u00edguez, J.M., Sacrist\u00e1n, C., Chiong, M., Llanos, M., Espinosa, A., and Troncoso, R. (2019). Exercise regulates lipid droplet dynamics in normal and fatty liver. BBA Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids, 1864.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2019.158519"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trentzsch, M., Nyamugenda, E., Miles, T.K., Grif, H., Russell, S., Koss, B., Cooney, K.A., Phelan, K.D., Tackett, A.J., and Iyer, S. (2020). Delivery of phosphatidylethanolamine blunts stress in hepatoma cells exposed to elevated palmitate by targeting the endoplasmic reticulum. Cell Death Discov., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-020-0241-z"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.6208","article-title":"Mitofusin 2 as a Driver That Controls Energy","volume":"22","author":"Signaling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6318","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i27.6318","article-title":"Effectiveness of exercise in hepatic fat mobilization in non- alcoholic fatty liver disease: Systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Golabi","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS200194","article-title":"Physiological role of adipose tissue: White adipose tissue as an endocrine and secretory organ","volume":"60","author":"Trayhurn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.01.009","article-title":"Comprehensive and quantitative analysis of white and brown adipose tissue by shotgun lipidomics","volume":"22","author":"Grzybek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21630","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28821","article-title":"Impact of different ectopic fat depots on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases","volume":"234","author":"Ferrara","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2006.00590.x","article-title":"Ectopic fat accumulation and metabolic syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Rasouli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caesar, R., Manieri, M., Kelder, T., Boekschoten, M., Evelo, C., Kooistra, T., Cinti, S., Kleemann, R., and Drevon, C.A. (2010). A combined transcriptomics and lipidomics analysis of subcutaneous, epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissue reveals marked functional differences. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011525"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2018.1500894","article-title":"Ectopic fat and cardiac metabolism","volume":"13","author":"Poirier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zabielski, P., and Ksi, M. (2019). The impact of oMEGA-3 fatty acids supplementation on insulin resistance and content of adipocytokines and biologically active lipids in adipose tissue of high-fat diet fed rats. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040835"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2017.04.008","article-title":"Impact of physical exercise on visceral adipose tissue fatty acid profile and inflammation in response to a high-fat diet regimen","volume":"87","author":"Moreira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"(2020, July 11). Biorxiv, the Preprint Server for Biology. Available online: https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.07.08.194167v1."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1021\/pr901203w","article-title":"Metabolomic assessment of the effect of dietary cholesterol in the progressive development of fatty liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Vinaixa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/7\/3694\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:10:58Z","timestamp":1760364658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/7\/3694"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms22073694"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22073694","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]}}}