{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:31:56Z","timestamp":1790706716536,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT)","award":["No. NRF 2018R1A5A2023127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. NRF 2018R1A5A2023127"]}]},{"name":"a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&amp;D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["grant number : HP20C0131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number : HP20C0131"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Skin disorders showing abnormal pigmentation are often difficult to manage because of their uncertain etiology or pathogenesis. Abnormal pigmentation is a common symptom accompanying aging skin. The association between skin aging and skin pigmentation abnormalities can be attributed to certain inherited disorders characterized by premature aging and abnormal pigmentation in the skin and some therapeutic modalities effective for both. Several molecular mechanisms, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA mutations, DNA damage, telomere shortening, hormonal changes, and autophagy impairment, have been identified as involved in skin aging. Although each of these skin aging-related mechanisms are interconnected, this review examined the role of each mechanism in skin hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation to propose the possible association between skin aging and pigmentation abnormalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T10:34:09Z","timestamp":1617359649000},"page":"3727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Skin Pigmentation Abnormalities and Their Possible Relationship with Skin Aging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ai-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 410-773, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of skin aging","volume":"Volume 1067","author":"McCullough","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aging Interventions and Therapies"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06966.x","article-title":"Correlation between age and the secretions of melanocyte-stimulating cytokines in cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts","volume":"153","author":"Okazaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. 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