{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:32:26Z","timestamp":1790274746680,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]],"date-time":"2021-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAF2015-70747-R, RTI2018-098113-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2015-70747-R, RTI2018-098113-B-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18\/01152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/01152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012514","name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red-Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MA Lasuncion"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MA Lasuncion"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012514","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010774","name":"Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n e Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PEJD-2017-PRE\/BMD-4142, PEJD-2019-PRE\/BMD-15962, PEJD-2019-PRE\/SAL-16152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEJD-2017-PRE\/BMD-4142, PEJD-2019-PRE\/BMD-15962, PEJD-2019-PRE\/SAL-16152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006541","name":"Consejer\u00eda de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Emeritus to MA Lasuncion"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Emeritus to MA Lasuncion"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006541","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atypical or second-generation antipsychotics are used in the treatment of psychosis and behavioral problems in older persons with dementia. However, these pharmaceutical drugs are associated with an increased risk of stroke in such patients. In this study, we evaluated the effects of risperidone treatment on phospholipid and sphingolipid composition and lipid raft function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of older patients (mean age &gt;88 years). The results showed that the levels of dihydroceramides, very-long-chain ceramides, and lysophosphatidylcholines decreased in PBMCs of the risperidone-treated group compared with untreated controls. These findings were confirmed by in vitro assays using human THP-1 monocytes. The reduction in the levels of very-long-chain ceramides and dihydroceramides could be due to the decrease in the expression of fatty acid elongase 3, as observed in THP-1 monocytes. Moreover, risperidone disrupted lipid raft domains in the plasma membrane of PBMCs. These results indicated that risperidone alters phospholipid and sphingolipid composition and lipid raft domains in PBMCs of older patients, potentially affecting multiple signaling pathways associated with these membrane domains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22083919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T03:04:06Z","timestamp":1618196646000},"page":"3919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Antipsychotic Risperidone Alters Dihydroceramide and Ceramide Composition and Plasma Membrane Function in Leukocytes In Vitro and In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1436-699X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Canfr\u00e1n-Duque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Bioqu\u00edmica-Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, IRyCIS, 28034 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Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5190-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Botas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Bioqu\u00edmica-Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, IRyCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"G\u00f3mez-Coronado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Bioqu\u00edmica-Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, IRyCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel 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