{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:46:54Z","timestamp":1790801214304,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission under the Call JUST-2017","award":["806996-JUSTSO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["806996-JUSTSO"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of the new psychoactive substances is continuously growing and the implementation of accurate and sensible analysis in biological matrices of users is relevant and fundamental for clinical and forensic purposes. Two different analytical technologies, high-sensitivity gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) were used for a screening analysis of classic drugs and new psychoactive substances and their metabolites in urine of formed heroin addicts under methadone maintenance therapy. Sample preparation involved a liquid-liquid extraction. The UHPLC-HRMS method included Accucore\u2122 phenyl Hexyl (100 \u00d7 2.1 mm, 2.6 \u03bcm, Thermo, USA) column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of mobile phase A (ammonium formate 2 mM in water, 0.1% formic acid) and mobile phase B (ammonium formate 2 mM in methanol\/acetonitrile 50:50 (v\/v), 0.1% formic acid) and a full-scan data-dependent MS2 (ddMS2) mode for substances identification (mass range 100\u20131000 m\/z). The GC-MS method employed an ultra-Inert Intuvo GC column (HP-5MS UI, 30 m, 250 \u00b5m i.d, film thickness 0.25 \u00b5m; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and electron-impact (EI) mass spectra were recorded in total ion monitoring mode (scan range 40\u2013550 m\/z). Urine samples from 296 patients with a history of opioid use disorder were examined. Around 80 different psychoactive substances and\/or metabolites were identified, being methadone and metabolites the most prevalent ones. The possibility to screen for a huge number of psychotropic substances can be useful in suspected drug related fatalities or acute intoxication\/exposure occurring in emergency departments and drug addiction services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T10:58:07Z","timestamp":1618311487000},"page":"4000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and High-Sensitivity Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Screening of Classic Drugs and New Psychoactive Substances and Metabolites in Urine of Consumers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7158-6032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Marchei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, V.Le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2237-8392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Alias","family":"Ferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Addiction Program, Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addicions, Institut Hopsital del Mar d\u2019Investigacions M\u00e8diques (INAD-IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e9s, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6222-4761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Torrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Addiction Program, Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addicions, Institut Hopsital del Mar d\u2019Investigacions M\u00e8diques (INAD-IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e9s, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8338-7543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mag\u00ed","family":"Farr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e9s, Spain"},{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol and Institut de Recerca GermansTrias i Pujol (HUGTiP-IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Pacifici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, V.Le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Pichini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, V.Le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3348-5297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, V.Le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2021, March 25). 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