{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:51:37Z","timestamp":1791384697226,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","award":["19-01747S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-01747S"]}]},{"name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy","award":["LTC18079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTC18079"]}]},{"name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)","award":["CA16119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA16119"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Huntington\u2019s disease (HD) is a rare hereditary autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder, which is caused by expression of mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) with an abnormal number of glutamine repeats in its N terminus, and characterized by intracellular mHTT aggregates (inclusions) in the brain. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that are secreted generally by all cell types and can be isolated from almost all body fluids such as blood, urine, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid. Exosomes may participate in the spreading of toxic misfolded proteins across the central nervous system in neurodegenerative diseases. In HD, such propagation of mHTT was observed both in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, exosomes might carry molecules with neuroprotective effects. In addition, due to their capability to cross blood-brain barrier, exosomes hold great potential as sources of biomarkers available from periphery or carriers of therapeutics into the central nervous system. In this review, we discuss the emerging roles of exosomes in HD pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T12:11:00Z","timestamp":1618488660000},"page":"4085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Emerging Roles of Exosomes in Huntington\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2691-4172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanadi","family":"Ananbeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses and Research Center PIGMOD, Rumburska 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6605-9158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"Vodicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses and Research Center PIGMOD, Rumburska 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0591-5018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Kupcova Skalnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses and Research Center PIGMOD, Rumburska 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535750","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2018.1535750","article-title":"Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): A position statement of the international society for extracellular vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines","volume":"7","author":"Witwer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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