{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:18:49Z","timestamp":1790741929607,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pyogenic spondylodiscitis can cause severe osteolytic and destructive lesions in the spine. Elderly or immunocompromised individuals are particularly susceptible to infectious diseases; specifically, infections in the spine can impair the ability of the spine to support the trunk, causing patients to be bedridden, which can also severely affect the physical condition of patients. Although treatments for osteoporosis have been well studied, treatments for bone loss secondary to infection remain to be elucidated because they have pathological manifestations that are similar to but distinct from those of osteoporosis. Recently, we encountered a patient with severely osteolytic pyogenic spondylodiscitis who was treated with romosozumab and exhibited enhanced bone formation. Romosozumab stimulated canonical Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling, causing robust bone formation and the inhibition of bone resorption, which exceeded the bone loss secondary to infection. Bone loss due to infections involves the suppression of osteoblastogenesis by osteoblast apoptosis, which is induced by the nuclear factor-\u03baB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, and osteoclastogenesis with the receptor activator of the nuclear factor-\u03baB ligand-receptor combination and subsequent activation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 and c-Fos. In this study, we review and discuss the molecular mechanisms of bone loss secondary to infection and analyze the efficacy of the medications for osteoporosis, focusing on romosozumab, teriparatide, denosumab, and bisphosphonates, in treating this pathological condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T21:49:20Z","timestamp":1619300960000},"page":"4453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Molecular Targeted Therapy for the Bone Loss Secondary to Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis Using Medications for Osteoporosis: A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9228-7250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center, Bibai 072-0015, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center, Bibai 072-0015, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2839-987X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kota","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center, Bibai 072-0015, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5632-6737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miki","family":"Komatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center, Bibai 072-0015, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7922-2997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoko Matsumoto","family":"Harmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center, Bibai 072-0015, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Asukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center, Bibai 072-0015, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2436-2175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiko","family":"Takahata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norimasa","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akio","family":"Minami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center, Bibai 072-0015, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5598-9","article-title":"Multidisciplinary management of pyogenic spondylodiscitis: Epidemiological and clinical features, prognostic factors and long-term outcomes in 207 patients","volume":"27","author":"Pola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. 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