{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T23:21:00Z","timestamp":1786576860753,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU-Fund for Peripheral Growth, Action \u201cEpeiros 2014-2020\u201d supporting health and biotechnology of the Epeiros Region, Greece, in the frame of the program \u201ce-health drug interaction control platform and person-alized medication in patients with CKD\u201d","award":["\u0397\u03a01\u0391\u0392-00039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u0397\u03a01\u0391\u0392-00039"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important global public health problem due to its high prevalence and morbidity. Although the treatment of nephrology patients has changed considerably, ineffectiveness and side effects of medications represent a major issue. In an effort to elucidate the contribution of genetic variants located in several genes in the response to treatment of patients with CKD, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all available pharmacogenetics studies. The association between genotype distribution and response to medication was examined using the dominant, recessive, and additive inheritance models. Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity was also performed. In total, 29 studies were included in the meta-analysis, which examined the association of 11 genes (16 polymorphisms) with the response to treatment regarding CKD. Among the 29 studies, 18 studies included patients with renal transplantation, 8 involved patients with nephrotic syndrome, and 3 studies included patients with lupus nephritis. The present meta-analysis provides strong evidence for the contribution of variants harbored in the ABCB1, IL-10, ITPA, MIF, and TNF genes that creates some genetic predisposition that reduces effectiveness or is associated with adverse events of medications used in CKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T22:31:39Z","timestamp":1619389899000},"page":"4480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pharmacogenetic Studies in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7206-2716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Tziastoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Pissas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Raptis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protypo Bioiatriko Laboratory, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1517-8691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Cholevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AHEPA Hospital, First Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9302-1633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodoros","family":"Eleftheriadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1172-1829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelia","family":"Dounousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Stefanidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theoharis C.","family":"Theoharides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02155, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002343","article-title":"Chronic Kidney Disease as a Global Public Health Problem: Approaches and Initiatives\u2014a Position Statement from Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes","volume":"72","author":"Levey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.17.2038","article-title":"Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States","volume":"298","author":"Coresh","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1050","article-title":"Kidney Disease as a Risk Factor for Development of Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention","volume":"42","author":"Sarnak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000414","article-title":"Definition, Evaluation, and Classification of Renal Osteodystrophy: A Position Statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)","volume":"69","author":"Moe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02730218","article-title":"Clinical Pharmacogenomics: Applications in Nephrology","volume":"13","author":"Adams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. 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