{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T05:42:36Z","timestamp":1792474956966,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects around 125 million people worldwide. Several studies concerning the gut microbiota composition and its role in disease pathogenesis recently demonstrated significant alterations among psoriatic patients. Certain parameters such as Firmicutes\/Bacteroidetes ratio or Psoriasis Microbiome Index were developed in order to distinguish between psoriatic and healthy individuals. The \u201cleaky gut syndrome\u201d and bacterial translocation is considered by some authors as a triggering factor for the onset of the disease, as it promotes chronic systemic inflammation. The alterations were also found to resemble those in inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity and certain cardiovascular diseases. Microbiota dysbiosis, depletion in SCFAs production, increased amount of produced TMAO, dysregulation of the pathways affecting the balance between lymphocytes populations seem to be the most significant findings concerning gut physiology in psoriatic patients. The gut microbiota may serve as a potential response-to-treatment biomarker in certain cases of biological treatment. Oral probiotics administration as well as fecal microbial transplantation were most reported in bringing health benefits to psoriatic patients. However, the issue of psoriatic bacterial gut composition, its role and healing potential needs further investigation. Here we reviewed the literature on the current state of the relationship between psoriasis and gut microbiome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T02:31:43Z","timestamp":1619490703000},"page":"4529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Psoriasis and Gut Microbiome\u2014Current State of Art"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7785-5427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Polak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Bergler-Czop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Szczepanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"Wojciechowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Fr\u0105tczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9947-1755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norbert","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3295-9","article-title":"Psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis: Differential diagnosis","volume":"35","author":"Napolitano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2018.11.001","article-title":"Histoire du psoriasis [A history of psoriasis]","volume":"146","author":"Halioua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. 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