{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T07:20:40Z","timestamp":1790493640974,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptin is secreted by the placenta and has a multi-facetted role in the regulation of functions related to pregnancy. Metabolic disorders and insufficient homeostatic compensatory mechanisms involving leptin during pregnancy play a decisive role in the development of pre-eclampsia (PE) and give rise to compromised intrauterine growth conditions and aberrant birth weight of offspring. This review was compiled to elucidate the metabolic background of PE and its relationship with adverse intrauterine growth conditions through the examination of leptin as well as to describe possible mechanisms linking leptin to fetal growth restriction. This review illustrates that leptin in PE is dysregulated in maternal, fetal, and placental compartments. There is no single set of unifying mechanisms within the spectrum of PE, and regulatory mechanisms involving leptin are specific to each situation. We conclude that dysregulated leptin is involved in fetal growth at many levels through complex interactions with parallel pregnancy systems and probably throughout the entirety of pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T21:18:20Z","timestamp":1619558300000},"page":"4569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["The Role of Leptin in Fetal Growth during Pre-Eclampsia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Victoria E.","family":"de Knegt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Congenital Disorders, Danish National Biobank and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5801-960X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula L.","family":"Hedley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Congenital Disorders, Danish National Biobank and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3267-4910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f8rgen K.","family":"Kanters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida N.","family":"Thagaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Slagelse, Ingemannsvej 18, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5433-4776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lone","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Hvidovre, Ketteg\u00e5rd Alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4713-755X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Congenital Disorders, Danish National Biobank and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrik","family":"Lausten-Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0997-1029","article-title":"Nonadipose tissue production of leptin: Leptin as a novel placenta-derived hormone in humans","volume":"3","author":"Masuzaki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. 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