{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:58:59Z","timestamp":1777661939799,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":283,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA248304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA248304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSG\u201318\u2013238\u201301\u2013CSM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSG\u201318\u2013238\u201301\u2013CSM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010257","name":"Ohio Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010257","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010611","name":"University of Toledo Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["206298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["206298"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010611","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Toledo College of Medicine &amp; Life Sciences","award":["Startup fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Startup fund"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>S-nitrosylation is a selective and reversible post-translational modification of protein thiols by nitric oxide (NO), which is a bioactive signaling molecule, to exert a variety of effects. These effects include the modulation of protein conformation, activity, stability, and protein-protein interactions. S-nitrosylation plays a central role in propagating NO signals within a cell, tissue, and tissue microenvironment, as the nitrosyl moiety can rapidly be transferred from one protein to another upon contact. This modification has also been reported to confer either tumor-suppressing or tumor-promoting effects and is portrayed as a process involved in every stage of cancer progression. In particular, S-nitrosylation has recently been found as an essential regulator of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the environment around a tumor governing the disease pathogenesis. This review aims to outline the effects of S-nitrosylation on different resident cells in the TME and the diverse outcomes in a context-dependent manner. Furthermore, we will discuss the therapeutic potentials of modulating S-nitrosylation levels in tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T21:18:20Z","timestamp":1619558300000},"page":"4600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["S-Nitrosylation in Tumor Microenvironment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2676-3239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vandana","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4759-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veani","family":"Fernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Letson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yashna","family":"Walia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xunzhen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Fackelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1121-0487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saori","family":"Furuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.1.444","article-title":"S-nitrosylation of proteins with nitric oxide: Synthesis and characterization of biologically active compounds","volume":"89","author":"Stamler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. 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