{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:22:57Z","timestamp":1791645777623,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["872860 - PRISAR@"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["872860 - PRISAR@"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["857894 - CAST"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["857894 - CAST"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA014520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA014520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Molecular imaging of pathologic lesions can improve efficient detection of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. A shared pathophysiological feature is angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels. Endoglin (CD105) is a coreceptor for ligands of the Transforming Growth Factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) family and is highly expressed on angiogenic endothelial cells. Therefore, endoglin-based imaging has been explored to visualize lesions of the aforementioned diseases. This systematic review highlights the progress in endoglin-based imaging of cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and aortic aneurysm, focusing on positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, and ultrasound imaging. PubMed was searched combining the following subjects and their respective synonyms or relevant subterms: \u201cEndoglin\u201d, \u201cImaging\/Image-guided surgery\u201d. In total, 59 papers were found eligible to be included: 58 reporting about preclinical animal or in vitro models and one ex vivo study in human organs. In addition to exact data extraction of imaging modality type, tumor or cardiovascular disease model, and tracer (class), outcomes were described via a narrative synthesis. Collectively, the data identify endoglin as a suitable target for intraoperative and diagnostic imaging of the neovasculature in tumors, whereas for cardiovascular diseases, the evidence remains scarce but promising.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T10:53:29Z","timestamp":1619780009000},"page":"4804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Endoglin\/CD105-Based Imaging of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3463-1217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent Q.","family":"Sier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0669-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joost R.","family":"van der Vorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6853-5760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul H. A.","family":"Quax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3648-9130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margreet R.","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Zonoobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Edinburgh Molecular Imaging Ltd. (EMI), Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander L.","family":"Vahrmeijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilona A.","family":"Dekkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1817-2743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lioe-Fee","family":"de Geus-Oei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2443-8547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anke M.","family":"Smits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell &amp; Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibo","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4337-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cornelis F. M.","family":"Sier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Percuros B.V., 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9344-6746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie Jos\u00e9 T. H.","family":"Goumans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell &amp; Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2274-9325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas J. A. C.","family":"Hawinkels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3431","article-title":"Endoglin (CD105) is a useful marker for evaluating microvessel density and predicting prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"34","author":"Sakurai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02052599","article-title":"Tumor angiogenesis and rectal carcinoma","volume":"37","author":"Saclarides","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dis. Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"331","article-title":"Angiogenesis and tumor progression of melanoma. 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