{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:38:50Z","timestamp":1791070730327,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteosarcopenia, the coexistence of bone and muscle loss, is common in older adults, but its definition lacks international consensus. This cross-sectional study (n = 1199 post-menopausal women) aimed to determine the association between osteosarcopenia and fragility fractures and to investigate the impact of the definition of the \u201costeo\u201d component. Bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the trabecular bone score (TBS), respectively. The \u201costeo\u201d component of osteosarcopenia was classified as osteoporosis (T-score \u2264 \u22122.5 SD), osteopenia\/osteoporosis (T-score &lt; \u22121 SD), and high-fracture-risk osteopenia (\u22122.5 SD &lt; T-score &lt; \u22121 SD)\/osteoporosis (T-score \u2264 \u22122.5 SD). The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool was used to identify high-fracture-risk osteopenia. Altogether, 30.3%, 32.2%, 14.4%, and 23.1% of participants had osteosarcopenia, osteoporosis alone, sarcopenia alone, and neither condition, respectively. The odds ratios between osteosarcopenia and fragility fractures were 3.70 (95% CI: 1.94\u20137.04) for osteosarcopenia, 2.48 (95% CI: 1.30\u20134.71) for osteoporosis alone, and 1.87 (95% CI: 0.84\u20134.14) for sarcopenia alone. Women with osteosarcopenia also had lower TBS, indicating worse bone microarchitecture. In conclusion, women with osteosarcopenia were more likely to have previously sustained a fracture compared to those without osteosarcopenia, with sarcopenia alone, and with osteoporosis alone. The relationship between osteosarcopenia and fracture risk may be best identified when considering high-fracture-risk osteopenia and osteoporosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T04:25:07Z","timestamp":1621225507000},"page":"5256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Impact of the \u201cOsteo\u201d Component of Osteosarcopenia on Fragility Fractures in Post-Menopausal Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yen-Huai","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Tai","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Mu Huo","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/agm2.12080","article-title":"Osteosarcopenia: A case of geroscience","volume":"2","author":"Kirk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4151-8","article-title":"Osteosarcopenia: Where bone, muscle, and fat collide","volume":"28","author":"Hirschfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporos. 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