{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:14:33Z","timestamp":1787933673596,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","award":["FIT-2002-62"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIT-2002-62"]}]},{"name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d\u00b4Ajuts Universitaris i de Reserca (AGAUR), Generalitat de Catalunya","award":["20005BE00372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20005BE00372"]}]},{"name":"ESAME Pharmaceutical Business School","award":["201911576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201911576"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Exposure to intermittent hypoxia has been demonstrated to be an efficient tool for hypoxic preconditioning, preventing damage to cells and demonstrating therapeutic benefits. We aimed to evaluate the effects of respiratory intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) to avoid brain injury caused by exposure to acute severe hypoxia (ASH). Methods: biomarkers of oxidative damage, mitochondrial apoptosis, and transcriptional factors in response to hypoxia were assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry in brain tissue. Four groups of rats were used: (1) normoxic (NOR), (2) exposed to ASH (FiO2 7% for 6 h), (3) exposed to IHH for 3 h per day over 8 days at 460 mmHg, and (4) ASH preconditioned after IHH. Results: ASH animals underwent increased oxidative-stress-related parameters, an upregulation in apoptotic proteins and had astrocytes with phenotype forms compatible with severe diffuse reactive astrogliosis. These effects were attenuated and even prevented when the animals were preconditioned with IHH. These changes paralleled the inhibition of NF-\u03baB expression and the increase of erythropoietin (EPO) levels in the brain. Conclusions: IHH exerted neuroprotection against ASH-induced oxidative injury by preventing oxidative stress and inhibiting the apoptotic cascade, which was associated with NF-\u03baB downregulation and EPO upregulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T12:19:57Z","timestamp":1621253997000},"page":"5272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxic Preconditioning Provides Neuroprotection by Increasing Antioxidant Activity, Erythropoietin Expression and Preventing Apoptosis and Astrogliosis in the Brain of Adult Rats Exposed to Acute Severe Hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"D\u00e9bora","family":"Coimbra-Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4481-9889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Garz\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norma","family":"Alva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiago C. C.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophychiatry and Behavioural Science, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia, 186-298, Cidade Universitaria, Recife 50740-600, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Aguado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6314-6523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan Ramon","family":"Torrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7131-3667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Carbonell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Rama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. 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