{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:26:25Z","timestamp":1792805185151,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":198,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research through the grant: \u201cIntegrated mechanobiology approaches for a precise medicine in cancer treatment\u201d  PRIN-20177TTP3S","award":["PRIN-20177TTP3S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN-20177TTP3S"]}]},{"name":"Regione Campania \u201cSATIN\u201d","award":["grant 2018\u20132020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant 2018\u20132020"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02kg21794","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutaneous melanoma (CM) tissue represents a network constituted by cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME). A key feature of CM is the high structural and cellular plasticity of TME, allowing its evolution with disease and adaptation to cancer cell and environmental alterations. In particular, during melanoma development and progression each component of TME by interacting with each other and with cancer cells is subjected to dramatic structural and cellular modifications. These alterations affect extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, phenotypic profile of stromal cells, cancer growth and therapeutic response. The stromal fibroblast populations of the TME include normal fibroblasts and melanoma-associated fibroblasts (MAFs) that are highly abundant and flexible cell types interacting with melanoma and stromal cells and differently influencing CM outcomes. The shift from the normal microenvironment to TME and from normal fibroblasts to MAFs deeply sustains CM growth. Hence, in this article we review the features of the normal microenvironment and TME and describe the phenotypic plasticity of normal dermal fibroblasts and MAFs, highlighting their roles in normal skin homeostasis and TME regulation. Moreover, we discuss the influence of MAFs and their secretory profiles on TME remodelling, melanoma progression, targeted therapy resistance and immunosurveillance, highlighting the cellular interactions, the signalling pathways and molecules involved in these processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:06:54Z","timestamp":1621296414000},"page":"5283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Influence of Tumor Microenvironment and Fibroblast Population Plasticity on Melanoma Growth, Therapy Resistance and Immunoescape"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Veronica","family":"Romano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Immacolata","family":"Belviso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Venuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Ruocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Masone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Aliotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5414-6190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Fiume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Montagnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelica","family":"Avagliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Arcucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00722","article-title":"Metabolic plasticity of melanoma cells and their crosstalk with tumor microenvironment","volume":"10","author":"Avagliano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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