{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T12:15:31Z","timestamp":1789906531410,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NRF- 2018R1D1A1B07048092 and 2020R1A2C4002594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF- 2018R1D1A1B07048092 and 2020R1A2C4002594"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Megalin has been proposed as an endocytic receptor for aminoglycosides as well as estrogen and androgen. We aimed to investigate the otoprotective effects of antiandrogens (flutamide, FM) on kanamycin (KM)-induced hearing loss in rats. Rats were divided into four groups. The KM group was administered KM (20 mg\/kg\/day) for 5 days, while the FM group received FM (15 mg\/kg\/day) for 10 days. In the KM + FM group, KM and FM (15 mg\/kg\/day) were simultaneously injected for 5 days and then FM was injected for 5 days. Auditory brainstem responses were measured. Western blotting and\/or quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction were performed for megalin, cytochrome P450 1A1 (Cyp1a1), Cyp1b1, metallothionein 1A (MT1A), MT2A, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, caspase 3, and cleaved caspase 3. The FM + KM group showed attenuated auditory thresholds when compared with the KM group at 4, 8, 16, and 32 kHz (all p &lt; 0.05). The KM + FM group showed lower megalin and Cyp1b1 levels than the KM group (all p &lt; 0.05). The KM + FM group revealed lower MT1A, TNF\u03b1, and caspase 3 protein levels, compared with those in the KM group (all p &lt; 0.05). Androgen receptor inhibition protects against cochlear injuries in KM-induced hearing loss rats by attenuating megalin expression, revealing anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T12:17:16Z","timestamp":1621340236000},"page":"5307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effects of Androgen Receptor Inhibition on Kanamycin-Induced Hearing Loss in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Kyung-Ju","family":"Chun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head &amp; Neck Surgery, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head &amp; Neck Surgery, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Woon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head &amp; Neck Surgery, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So-Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head &amp; Neck Surgery, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7361-4930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"So-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head &amp; Neck Surgery, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.01890.x","article-title":"Efficacy of three drugs for protecting against gentamicin-induced hair cell and hearing losses","volume":"166","author":"Bas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. 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