{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:21:09Z","timestamp":1792110069425,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DE029493"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE029493"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03DE027777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03DE027777"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DE025885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE025885"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Orofacial pain is a universal predicament, afflicting millions of individuals worldwide. Research on the molecular mechanisms of orofacial pain has predominately focused on the role of neurons underlying nociception. However, aside from neural mechanisms, non-neuronal cells, such as Schwann cells and satellite ganglion cells in the peripheral nervous system, and microglia and astrocytes in the central nervous system, are important players in both peripheral and central processing of pain in the orofacial region. This review highlights recent molecular and cellular findings of the glia involvement and glia\u2013neuron interactions in four common orofacial pain conditions such as headache, dental pulp injury, temporomandibular joint dysfunction\/inflammation, and head and neck cancer. We will discuss the remaining questions and future directions on glial involvement in these four orofacial pain conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T12:58:07Z","timestamp":1621429087000},"page":"5345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Glia and Orofacial Pain: Progress and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1075-5584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Salvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"Romero-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6577-6825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Akerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emi","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Michot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endodontics in Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endodontics in Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2018.1524458","article-title":"Chronic orofacial pain animal models\u2014Progress and challenges","volume":"13","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin. 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