{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T20:27:48Z","timestamp":1788553668210,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abnormal patterns of cerebral perfusion\/oxygenation are associated with neuronal damage. In preterm neonates, hypoxemia, hypo-\/hypercapnia and lack of cerebral autoregulation are related to peri-intraventricular hemorrhages and white matter injury. Reperfusion damage after perinatal hypoxic ischemia in term neonates seems related with cerebral hyperoxygenation. Since biological tissue is transparent for near infrared (NIR) light, NIR-spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive bedside tool to monitor brain oxygenation and perfusion. This review focuses on early assessment and guiding abnormal cerebral oxygenation\/perfusion patterns to possibly reduce brain injury. In term infants, early patterns of brain oxygenation helps to decide whether or not therapy (hypothermia) and add-on therapies should be considered. Further NIRS-related technical advances such as the use of (functional) NIRS allowing simultaneous estimation and integrating of heart rate, respiration rate and monitoring cerebral autoregulation will be discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T11:45:57Z","timestamp":1621511157000},"page":"5389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Neuroprotection of the Perinatal Brain by Early Information of Cerebral Oxygenation and Perfusion Patterns"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0835-2900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naser","family":"Hakimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Artinis Medical Systems, B.V., 6662 PW Elst, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Van Bel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Bel, F., Vaese, J., and Groenedaal, F. 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