{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T06:15:55Z","timestamp":1764656155057,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intramural funding","award":["Does not exist"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Does not exist"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Progestogens are frequently administered during early pregnancy to patients undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ART) to overcome progesterone deficits following ART procedures. Orally administered dydrogesterone (DG) shows equal efficacy to other progestogens with a higher level of patient compliance. However, potential harmful effects of DG on critical pregnancy processes and on the health of the progeny are not yet completely ruled out. We treated pregnant mice with DG in the mode, duration, and doses comparable to ART patients. Subsequently, we studied DG effects on embryo implantation, placental and fetal growth, fetal-maternal circulation, fetal survival, and the uterine immune status. After birth of in utero DG-exposed progeny, we assessed their sex ratios, weight gain, and reproductive performance. Early-pregnancy DG administration did not interfere with placental and fetal development, fetal-maternal circulation, or fetal survival, and provoked only minor changes in the uterine immune compartment. DG-exposed offspring grew normally, were fertile, and showed no reproductive abnormalities with the exception of an altered spermiogram in male progeny. Notably, DG shifted the sex ratio in favor of female progeny. Even though our data may be reassuring for the use of DG in ART patients, the detrimental effects on spermatogenesis in mice warrants further investigations and may be a reason for caution for routine DG supplementation in early pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T22:31:25Z","timestamp":1621549885000},"page":"5403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Early-Pregnancy Dydrogesterone Supplementation Mimicking Luteal-Phase Support in ART Patients Did Not Provoke Major Reproductive Disorders in Pregnant Mice and Their Progeny"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Jeschke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clarisa Guillermina","family":"Santamaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"UFZ\u2014Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Department of Environmental Immunology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"UFZ\u2014Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Department of Environmental Immunology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3544-4552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Claudia","family":"Zenclussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"UFZ\u2014Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Department of Environmental Immunology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Bartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine and Gynecological Endocrinology, University Women\u2019s Clinic, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6427-3724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"UFZ\u2014Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Department of Environmental Immunology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah, N.M., Lai, P.F., Imami, N., and Johnson, M.R. 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