{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:52:46Z","timestamp":1790477566575,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":222,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  from MEXT","award":["19H03532, 19H05017, 19K21811, 20H01037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H03532, 19H05017, 19K21811, 20H01037"]}]},{"name":"biomedical research from the SRF, Japan","award":["non"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["non"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007449","name":"the Takeda Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["non"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["non"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Mishima Kaiun Memorial Foundation","award":["non"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["non"]}]},{"name":"the Hori Sciences and Arts Foundation","award":["non"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["non"]}]},{"name":"the Strategic Research Program for Brain Science from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)","award":["non"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["non"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is an age-related and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It is widely accepted that AD is mainly caused by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid \u03b2 (A\u03b2) and intracellular neurofibrillary tau tangles. A\u03b2 begins to accumulate years before the onset of cognitive impairment, suggesting that the benefit of currently available interventions would be greater if they were initiated in the early phases of AD. To understand the mechanisms of AD pathogenesis, various transgenic mouse models with an accelerated accumulation of A\u03b2 and tau tangles have been developed. However, none of these models exhibit all pathologies present in human AD. To overcome these undesirable phenotypes, APP knock-in mice, which were presented with touchscreen-based tasks, were developed to better evaluate the efficacy of candidate therapeutics in mouse models of early-stage AD. This review assesses several AD mouse models from the aspect of biomarkers and cognitive impairment and discusses their potential as tools to provide novel AD therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T12:38:01Z","timestamp":1621859881000},"page":"5549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Animal Models: Elucidation of Biomarkers and Therapeutic Approaches for Cognitive Impairment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Nakai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyofumi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Mizoguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"},{"name":"Medical Interactive Research and Academia Industry Collaboration Center, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, April 29). 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