{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:44:34Z","timestamp":1788414274491,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202008430179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202008430179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and damage to the bone tissue\u2019s microarchitecture, leading to increased fracture risk. Several studies have provided evidence for associations between psychosocial stress and osteoporosis through various pathways, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, the sympathetic nervous system, and other endocrine factors. As psychosocial stress provokes oxidative cellular stress with consequences for mitochondrial function and cell signaling (e.g., gene expression, inflammation), it is of interest whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be a relevant biomarker in this context or act by transporting substances. EVs are intercellular communicators, transfer substances encapsulated in them, modify the phenotype and function of target cells, mediate cell-cell communication, and, therefore, have critical applications in disease progression and clinical diagnosis and therapy. This review summarizes the characteristics of EVs, their role in stress and osteoporosis, and their benefit as biological markers. We demonstrate that EVs are potential mediators of psychosocial stress and osteoporosis and may be beneficial in innovative research settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:22:15Z","timestamp":1622420535000},"page":"5846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Mediators of Psychosocial Stress Contribution to Osteoporosis?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6596-3340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yangyang","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sociology and Psychobiology, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3281-4629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Wuertz-Kozak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY 14623, USA"},{"name":"Schoen Clinic Munich Harlaching, Spine Center, Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg (AU), 81547 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linn K.","family":"Kuehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sociology and Psychobiology, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, MSB Medical School Berlin, R\u00fcdesheimer Stra\u00dfe 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7221-4073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia-Maria","family":"Wippert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sociology and Psychobiology, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.106","article-title":"Stress and Disorders of the Stress System","volume":"5","author":"Chrousos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. 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