{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:06:46Z","timestamp":1790474806156,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":215,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traumatic injuries, tumor resections, and degenerative diseases can damage skeletal muscle and lead to functional impairment and severe disability. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process that depends on various cell types, signaling molecules, architectural cues, and physicochemical properties to be successful. To promote muscle repair and regeneration, various strategies for skeletal muscle tissue engineering have been developed in the last decades. However, there is still a high demand for the development of new methods and materials that promote skeletal muscle repair and functional regeneration to bring approaches closer to therapies in the clinic that structurally and functionally repair muscle. The combination of stem cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules is used to induce skeletal muscle regeneration. In this review, we provide an overview of different cell types used to treat skeletal muscle injury, highlight current strategies in biomaterial-based approaches, the importance of topography for the successful creation of functional striated muscle fibers, and discuss novel methods for muscle regeneration and challenges for their future clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T21:42:06Z","timestamp":1622497326000},"page":"5929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Current Strategies for the Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle Tissue"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Emine","family":"Alarcin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayca","family":"Bal-\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Health Sciences, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2475-1963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00fcseyin","family":"Avci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey"},{"name":"Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Research Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey"},{"name":"AvciBio Research Group, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey"},{"name":"Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Ghorbanpoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AvciBio Research Group, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 06010 Ankara, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Dogan Guzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 06010 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2803-6585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Akpek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6zde","family":"Yesiltas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuba","family":"Canak-Ipek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstra\u00dfe 7\/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meltem","family":"Avci-Adali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstra\u00dfe 7\/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.02.110","article-title":"Biomaterials based strategies for skeletal muscle tissue engineering: Existing technologies and future trends","volume":"53","author":"Qazi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1984879","article-title":"Current Methods for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Repair and Regeneration","volume":"2018","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. 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