{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:04:24Z","timestamp":1792062264882,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":194,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetic patients are predisposed to diabetic cardiomyopathy, a specific form of cardiomyopathy which is characterized by the development of myocardial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and apoptosis that develops independently of concomitant macrovascular and microvascular diabetic complications. Its pathophysiology is multifactorial and poorly understood and no specific therapeutic guideline has yet been established. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a challenging diagnosis, made after excluding other potential entities, treated with different pharmacotherapeutic agents targeting various pathophysiological pathways that need yet to be unraveled. It has great clinical importance as diabetes is a disease with pandemic proportions. This review focuses on the potential mechanisms contributing to this entity, diagnostic options, as well as on potential therapeutic interventions taking in consideration their clinical feasibility and limitations in everyday practice. Besides conventional therapies, we discuss novel therapeutic possibilities that have not yet been translated into clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T15:58:44Z","timestamp":1622563124000},"page":"5973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["The Mystery of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Early Concepts and Underlying Mechanisms to Novel Therapeutic Possibilities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2587-1932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Grubi\u0107 Rotkvi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital \u201cSveti Duh\u201d, Sveti Duh 64, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8664-3338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zrinka","family":"Planini\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital \u201cSveti Duh\u201d, Sveti Duh 64, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana-Marija","family":"Liberati Pr\u0161o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital \u201cSveti Duh\u201d, Sveti Duh 64, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jozica","family":"\u0160iki\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital \u201cSveti Duh\u201d, Sveti Duh 64, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5707-0961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edvard","family":"Gali\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital \u201cSveti Duh\u201d, Sveti Duh 64, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luka","family":"Rotkvi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magdalena Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases, Ljudevita Gaja 2, 49217 Krapinske Toplice, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14790","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71908-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: An analysis from 1990 to 2025","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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