{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:49:14Z","timestamp":1791614954756,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministero dell'Educazione, Universit\u00e0 e ricerca","award":["PRIN2017S55RXB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN2017S55RXB"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRIN2015HPMLFY"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN2015HPMLFY"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF 2010-2318330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF 2010-2318330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u201cRicercaCorrente\u201d and \u201cProgetto di Rete Cardiovascolare IRCCS: CardioCovid\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cRicercaCorrente\u201d and \u201cProgetto di Rete Cardiovascolare IRCCS: CardioCovid\u201d"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002426","name":"Fondazione Telethon","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["446 GGP19035A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["446 GGP19035A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002426","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002426","name":"Fondazione Telethon","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002426","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Horizon 2020","award":["101016072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101016072"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22858"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22858"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The SARS-CoV-2 infection determines the COVID-19 syndrome characterized, in the worst cases, by severe respiratory distress, pulmonary and cardiac fibrosis, inflammatory cytokine release, and immunosuppression. This condition has led to the death of about 2.15% of the total infected world population so far. Among survivors, the presence of the so-called persistent post-COVID-19 syndrome (PPCS) is a common finding. In COVID-19 survivors, PPCS presents one or more symptoms: fatigue, dyspnea, memory loss, sleep disorders, and difficulty concentrating. In this study, a cohort of 117 COVID-19 survivors (post-COVID-19) and 144 non-infected volunteers (COVID-19-free) was analyzed using pyrosequencing of defined CpG islands previously identified as suitable for biological age determination. The results show a consistent biological age increase in the post-COVID-19 population, determining a DeltaAge acceleration of 10.45 \u00b1 7.29 years (+5.25 years above the range of normality) compared with 3.68 \u00b1 8.17 years for the COVID-19-free population (p &lt; 0.0001). A significant telomere shortening parallels this finding in the post-COVID-19 cohort compared with COVID-19-free subjects (p &lt; 0.0001). Additionally, ACE2 expression was decreased in post-COVID-19 patients, compared with the COVID-19-free population, while DPP-4 did not change. In light of these observations, we hypothesize that some epigenetic alterations are associated with the post-COVID-19 condition, particularly in younger patients (&lt; 60 years).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22116151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T13:25:43Z","timestamp":1623072343000},"page":"6151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Evidence for Biological Age Acceleration and Telomere Shortening in COVID-19 Survivors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1262-3446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Mongelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epigenetics, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9618-1368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Barbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epigenetics, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Gottardi Zamperla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epigenetics, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Atlante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epigenetics, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana","family":"Forleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epigenetics, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marialisa","family":"Nesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation \u201cPoliclinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS\u201d, Department of Translational Medicine & Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Cardiovascular Science, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Massetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation \u201cPoliclinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS\u201d, Department of Translational Medicine & Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Cardiovascular Science, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Pontecorvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation \u201cPoliclinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS\u201d, Department of Translational Medicine & Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Cardiovascular Science, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Nanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation \u201cPoliclinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS\u201d, Department of Translational Medicine & Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Cardiovascular Science, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8603-7925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Farsetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science \u201cA. Ruberti\u201d (IASI), National Research Council (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oronzo","family":"Catalano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Bussotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation Department, IRCCS Maugeri Clinical Scientific Institutes, 20097 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6516-0959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Adelaide","family":"Dalla Vecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation Department, IRCCS Maugeri Clinical Scientific Institutes, 20097 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1612-5329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiziana","family":"Bachetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Direction, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8624-7738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Martelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Policlinico San Donato IRCCS, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1884-5058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"La Rovere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Direction, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27040 Montescano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Gaetano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epigenetics, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27040 Montescano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30086-4","article-title":"Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study","volume":"20","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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