{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T06:18:34Z","timestamp":1762409914104,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009687","name":"Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piast\u00f3w Slaskich we Wroclawiu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUB.D170.21.042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUB.D170.21.042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quantum dots (QDs) have a broad range of applications in cell biolabeling, cancer treatment, metastasis imaging, and therapeutic drug monitoring. Despite their wide use, relatively little is known about their influence on other molecules. Interactions between QDs and proteins can influence the properties of both nanoparticles and proteins. The effect of mercaptosuccinic acid-capped CdTe QDs on intercellular copper\u2013zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1)\u2014one of the main enzymatic antioxidants\u2014was investigated. Incubation of SOD1 with QDs caused an increase in SOD1 activity, unlike in the case of CdCl2, which inhibited SOD1. Moreover, this effect on SOD1 increased with the size and potential of QDs, although the effect became clearly visible in higher concentrations of QDs. The intensity of QD-SOD1 fluorescence, analyzed with the use of capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection, was dependent on SOD1 concentration. In the case of green QDs, the fluorescence signal decreased with increasing SOD1 concentration. In contrast, the signal strength for Y-QD complexes was not dependent on SOD1 dilutions. The migration time of QDs and their complexes with SOD1 varied depending on the type of QD used. The migration time of G-QD complexes with SOD1 differed slightly. However, in the case of Y-QD complexes with SOD1, the differences in the migration time were not dependent on SOD concentration. This research shows that QDs interact with SOD1 and the influence of QDs on SOD activity is size-dependent. With this knowledge, one might be able to control the activation\/inhibition of specific enzymes, such as SOD1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22116156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T13:25:43Z","timestamp":1623072343000},"page":"6156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Activity of CdTe Quantum-Dot-Tagged Superoxide Dismutase and Its Analysis in Capillary Electrophoresis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Natalia","family":"Zar\u0119ba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7624-631X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Lewandowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Kunachowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students Scientific Association, Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rene","family":"Kizek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho 1946\/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0935-5663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Kepinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-1669(02)00282-3","article-title":"Luminescent quantum dots for multiplexed biological detection and imaging","volume":"13","author":"Chan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1021\/ar9700320","article-title":"Luminescence photophysics in semiconductor nanocrystals","volume":"32","author":"Nirmal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5251.933","article-title":"Semiconductor clusters, nanocrystals, and quantum dots","volume":"271","author":"Alivisatos","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3539","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.81.3539","article-title":"Size-dependent temperature variation of the energy gap in lead-salt quantum dots","volume":"81","author":"Olkhovets","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7619","DOI":"10.1021\/jp025698c","article-title":"On the absorption cross section of cdse nanocrystal quantum dots","volume":"106","author":"Leatherdale","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104274","article-title":"Quantum dots for live cells, in vivo imaging, and diagnostics","volume":"28","author":"Michalet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.7b00887","article-title":"Next-generation DNA-functionalized quantum dots as biological sensors","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4355","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.56.R4355","article-title":"Density of states and phonon-induced relaxation of electrons in semiconductor quantum dots","volume":"56","author":"Inoshita","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1021\/nl048715d","article-title":"Physicochemical properties and cellular toxicity of nanocrystal quantum dots depend on their surface modification","volume":"4","author":"Hoshino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.15171\/bi.2014.008","article-title":"Impacts of quantum dots in molecular detection and bioimaging of cancer","volume":"4","author":"Mashinchian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioimpacts"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11403","DOI":"10.1021\/ac503363m","article-title":"Intracellular tracking of single native molecules with electroporation-delivered quantum dots","volume":"86","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1021\/nl500637a","article-title":"Monofunctional stealth nanoparticle for unbiased single molecule tracking inside living cells","volume":"14","author":"Lisse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201402508","article-title":"Compact halo-ligand-conjugated quantum dots for multicolored single-molecule imaging of overcrowding GPCR proteins on cell membranes","volume":"11","author":"Komatsuzaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10947","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10947","article-title":"Targeting neurotransmitter receptors with nanoparticles in vivo allows single-molecule tracking in acute brain slices","volume":"7","author":"Varela","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1248","article-title":"Quantum dots versus organic dyes as fluorescent labels","volume":"5","author":"Grabolle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1247","article-title":"Quantum dots spectrally distinguish multiple species within the tumor milieu in vivo","volume":"11","author":"Stroh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt994","article-title":"In vivo cancer targeting and imaging with semiconductor quantum dots","volume":"22","author":"Gao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01007.2003","article-title":"In vivo multiphoton microscopy of deep brain tissue","volume":"91","author":"Levene","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12617","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.152463399","article-title":"Nanocrystal targeting in vivo","volume":"99","author":"Akerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1096","article-title":"Tracking metastatic tumor cell extravasation with quantum dot nanocrystals and fluorescence emission-scanning microscopy","volume":"10","author":"Voura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms10020656","article-title":"Quantum dots\u2014Characterization, preparation and usage in biological systems","volume":"10","author":"Drbohlavova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.06.076","article-title":"Quantum dots-fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based nanosensors and their application","volume":"74","author":"Stanisavljevic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1109\/TNB.2006.886569","article-title":"Quantum dot as a drug tracer in vivo","volume":"5","author":"Manabe","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. NanoBiosci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3065","DOI":"10.1021\/nl071546n","article-title":"Quantum dot\u2212aptamer conjugates for synchronous cancer imaging, therapy, and sensing of drug delivery based on bi-fluorescence resonance energy transfer","volume":"7","author":"Bagalkot","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4326","DOI":"10.1039\/b915139g","article-title":"Designing multifunctional quantum dots for bioimaging, detection, and drug delivery","volume":"39","author":"Zrazhevskiy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.09.036","article-title":"Quantum dots as a platform for nanoparticle drug delivery vehicle design","volume":"65","author":"Probst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2008.07.015","article-title":"Sensitive and selective determination of Cu2+ by electrochemiluminescence of CdTe quantum dots","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Electrochem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2010.12.029","article-title":"CdSe quantum dots decorated by mercaptosuccinic acid as fluorescence probe for Cu2+","volume":"131","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24778","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b07660","article-title":"Macromolecular systems with MSA-capped CdTe and CdTe\/ZnS core\/shell quantum dots as superselective and ultrasensitive optical sensors for picric acid Explosive","volume":"7","author":"Dutta","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2008.10.032","article-title":"Glutathione-capped CdTe quantum dots for the sensitive detection of glucose","volume":"77","author":"Yuan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0713048","article-title":"Utilizing a CdTe quantum dots\u2212enzyme hybrid system for the determination of both phenolic compounds and hydrogen peroxide","volume":"80","author":"Yuan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2014.07.043","article-title":"Multifunctional graphene quantum dots for simultaneous targeted cellular imaging and drug delivery","volume":"122","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-016-1394-9","article-title":"The research and applications of quantum dots as nano-carriers for targeted drug delivery and cancer therapy","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.022","article-title":"Inhibition of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity by selected environmental xenobiotics","volume":"58","author":"Lewandowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18267","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5035-0","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity change exposed to N-acetyl-L-cysteine-capped CdTe quantum dots-induced oxidative damage in mouse primary hepatocytes and nephrocytes","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6049","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)63504-5","article-title":"Superoxide Dismutase. An enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein)","volume":"244","author":"McCord","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.3999","article-title":"Superoxide dismutases: Role in redox signaling, vascular function, and diseases","volume":"15","author":"Fukai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox. Signal."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13036","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13036","article-title":"The copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity in selected diseases","volume":"49","author":"Lewandowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"88","article-title":"Therapeutic potentials of superoxide dismutase","volume":"12","author":"Younus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15736","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0386905","article-title":"Semiconductor Quantum Dots for Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"125","author":"Samia","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200500105","article-title":"On the generation of free radical species from quantum dots","volume":"1","author":"Ipe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2012.06.025","article-title":"Spectroscopic studies on the interactions between CdTe quantum dots coated with different ligands and human serum albumin","volume":"97","author":"Lai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part. A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.11.019","article-title":"Study on the molecular interaction of graphene quantum dots with human serum albumin: Combined spectroscopic and electrochemical approaches","volume":"285","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.27.59","article-title":"Glutathione peroxidase and catalase in liver, kidney, testis and brain regions of rats following cadmium exposure and subsequent withdrawal","volume":"27","author":"Shukla","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ind. Health"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(99)00039-9","article-title":"Cadmium and copper display different responses towards oxidative stress in the kidney of the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax","volume":"48","author":"Bennani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-1136(80)90019-7","article-title":"Liver cadmium uptake, catalase inhibition and cadmium thionein production in the killifish (Fundulus Heteroclitus) induced by experimental cadmium exposure","volume":"3","author":"Pruell","year":"1980","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(85)90098-5","article-title":"Effects of cadmium on glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidation in the rat heart: A possible mechanism of cadmium cardiotoxicity","volume":"80","author":"Jamall","year":"1985","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20772","article-title":"Effects of cadmium on structure and enzymatic activity of Cu,Zn-SOD and oxidative status in neural cells","volume":"98","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1039\/c2mt20134h","article-title":"Mechanism of cadmium-induced cytotoxicity on the ZFL zebrafish liver cell line","volume":"4","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-011-9456-z","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying the protective effect of zinc and selenium against cadmium-induced oxidative stress in zebrafish Danio rerio","volume":"24","author":"Banni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(96)06064-9","article-title":"Ascorbate and urate are the strongest determinants of plasma antioxidative capacity and serum lipid resistance to oxidation in Finnish men","volume":"130","author":"Kaikkonen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2012.04.036","article-title":"The double-effect mechanism between Fe3O4 nanoparticles and MSA-capped CdTe QDs","volume":"132","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.04.027","article-title":"Application of mercaptosuccinic acid capped CdTe quantum dots for latent fingermark development","volume":"231","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-015-3226-8","article-title":"Fluorescence-tagged metallothionein with CdTe quantum dots analyzed by the chip-CE technique","volume":"17","author":"Guszpit","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.037","article-title":"Molecular mechanism on cadmium-induced activity changes of catalase and superoxide dismutase","volume":"77","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7818","DOI":"10.1021\/es301006j","article-title":"Responses ofp chrysosporium to toxic pollutants: Physiological flux, oxidative stress, and detoxification","volume":"46","author":"Zeng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1021\/nl0347334","article-title":"Probing the cytotoxicity of semiconductor quantum dots","volume":"4","author":"Derfus","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5445","DOI":"10.1021\/la704075r","article-title":"Mechanism of antimicrobial activity of CdTe quantum dots","volume":"24","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.04.045","article-title":"ROS-mediated apoptotic cell death in prostate cancer LNCaP cells induced by biosurfactant stabilized CdS quantum dots","volume":"33","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201400204","article-title":"Interactions between CdTe quantum dots and DNA revealed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection","volume":"35","author":"Stanisavjevic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2015.08.023","article-title":"Quantum dot- DNA aptamer conjugates coupled with capillary electrophoresis: A universal strategy for radiometric detection of organosphorus pesticides","volume":"146","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2006.02.087","article-title":"Characterization of quantum dot bioconjugates by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescent detection","volume":"1131","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1039\/C6AN00276E","article-title":"A sensitive and versatile method for characterization of protein- mediated transformations of quantum dots","volume":"141","author":"Matczuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2012.06.043","article-title":"Characterization of CdTe\/CdSe quantum dots- transferrin fluorescent probes for cellular labeling","volume":"741","author":"Guan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201300088","article-title":"Electrophoretic study of peptide-mediated quantum dot-human immunoglobulin bioconjugation","volume":"34","author":"Janu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-009-9004-0","article-title":"One-pot synthesis of highly luminescent CdTe quantum dots by microwave irradiation reduction and their Hg 2+ -sensitive properties","volume":"2","author":"Duan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)45228-9","article-title":"The role of superoxide anion in the autooxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase","volume":"247","author":"Misra","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/11\/6156\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:11:46Z","timestamp":1760163106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/11\/6156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms22116156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22116156","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1422-0067"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]}}}