{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T08:03:33Z","timestamp":1776153813137,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81471630; 81871519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81471630; 81871519"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypoxia is associated with clinical diseases. Extreme hypoxia leads to multiple organs failure. However, the different effects of hypoxia on brain and visceral organs still need to be clarified, and moreover, characteristics in vulnerable organs suffering from hypoxia remain elusive. In the present study, we first aimed to figure out the hypoxic sensitivity of organs. Adult male mice were exposed to 6% O2 or 8% O2 for 6 h. Control mice were raised under normoxic conditions. In vivo and in vitro imaging of anti-HIF-1\u03b1-NMs-cy5.5 nanocomposites showed that the expression level of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1\u03b1) was the highest in the liver, followed by kidney and brain. HIF-1\u03b1 was detected in the hepatocytes of liver, distal convoluted tubules of kidney and neurons of cerebral cortex. The liver, kidney and brain showed distinct metabolic profiles but an identical change in glutamate. Compared with kidney and brain, the liver had more characteristic metabolites and more disturbed metabolic pathways related to glutaminolysis and glycolysis. The level of O-phosphocholine, GTP, NAD and aspartate were upregulated in hypoxic mice brain, which displayed significant positive correlations with the locomotor activity in control mice, but not in hypoxic mice with impaired locomotor activities. Taken together, the liver, kidney and brain are the three main organs of the body that are strongly respond to acute hypoxia, and the liver exhibited the highest hypoxic sensitivity. The metabolic disorders appear to underlie the physiological function changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T22:10:59Z","timestamp":1624399859000},"page":"6705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Different Expressions of HIF-1\u03b1 and Metabolism in Brain and Major Visceral Organs of Acute Hypoxic Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5904-5495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1042-1776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pingyun","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaiji","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caihua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Communication Center of Exercise and Health, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donghai","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaxing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.1.9708059","article-title":"Neuropsychological Sequelae and Impaired Health Status in Survivors of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome","volume":"160","author":"Hopkins","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. 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