{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:17:05Z","timestamp":1792804625681,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Slovak Research and Development Agency","award":["APVV-17-0099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-17-0099"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037nx0e70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic","award":["VEGA 1\/0260\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 1\/0260\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/044gwpv05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adequate amounts of a wide range of micronutrients are needed by body tissues to maintain health. Dietary intake must be sufficient to meet these micronutrient requirements. Mineral deficiency does not seem to be the result of a physically active life or of athletic training but is more likely to arise from disturbances in the quality and quantity of ingested food. The lack of some minerals in the body appears to be symbolic of the modern era reflecting either the excessive intake of empty calories or a negative energy balance from drastic weight-loss diets. Several animal studies provide convincing evidence for an association between dietary micronutrient availability and microbial composition in the gut. However, the influence of human gut microbiota on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of trace elements in human food has rarely been studied. Bacteria play a role by effecting mineral bioavailability and bioaccessibility, which are further increased through the fermentation of cereals and the soaking and germination of crops. Moreover, probiotics have a positive effect on iron, calcium, selenium, and zinc in relation to gut microbiome composition and metabolism. The current literature reveals the beneficial effects of bacteria on mineral bioaccessibility and bioavailability in supporting both the human gut microbiome and overall health. This review focuses on interactions between the gut microbiota and several minerals in sport nutrition, as related to a physically active lifestyle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T11:01:38Z","timestamp":1624532498000},"page":"6803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Minerals in Relation to a Healthy Gut Microbiome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9525-4983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktor","family":"Bielik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81469 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kolisek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1258\/0007142991902556","article-title":"Role of micronutrients in sport and physical activity","volume":"55","author":"Maughan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"709","article-title":"American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Nutrition and athletic performance","volume":"41","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vitale, K., and Getzin, A. (2019). Nutrition and Supplement Update for the Endurance Athlete: Review and Recommendations. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061289"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000494","article-title":"Energy Availability, Macronutrient Intake, and Nutritional Supplementation for Improving Exercise Performance in Endurance Athletes","volume":"17","author":"Casazza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Sports Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steffl, M., Kinkorov\u00e1, I., Kokstejn, J., and Petr, M. (2019). Macronutrient Intake in Soccer Players\u2014A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061305"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2017-0400","article-title":"Macronutrient Intakes of Male Rugby Union Players: A Review","volume":"28","author":"Black","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262294","article-title":"Unique aspects of competitive weightlifting: Performance, training and physiology","volume":"42","author":"Storey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2018-0273","article-title":"SPRINTING\u2026 Dietary Approaches to Optimize Training Adaptation and Performance","volume":"29","author":"Slater","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2018-0290","article-title":"Nutrition for the Prevention and Treatment of Injuries in Track and Field Athletes","volume":"29","author":"Close","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heydenreich, J., Melzer, K., Flury, C., and Kayser, B. (2017). Low Energy Turnover of Physically Inactive Participants as a Determinant of Insufficient Mineral and Vitamin Intake in NHANES. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9070754"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hannon, M.P., Flueck, J.L., Gremeaux, V., Place, N., Kayser, B., and Donnelly, C. (2021). Key Nutritional Considerations for Youth Winter Sports Athletes to Optimize Growth, Maturation and Sporting Development. Front. Sports Act. Living, 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.599118"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2006.11.009","article-title":"Micronutrient Requirements for Athletes","volume":"26","author":"Volpe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199112010-00003","article-title":"Fluid replacement and exercise stress. A brief review of studies on fluid replacement and some guidelines for the athlete","volume":"12","author":"Maughan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"361","article-title":"Exercise intensity effects on total sweat electrolyte losses and regional vs. whole-body sweat [Na+], [Cl\u2212], and [K+]","volume":"119","author":"Baker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0691-5","article-title":"Sweating Rate and Sweat Sodium Concentration in Athletes: A Review of Methodology and Intra\/Interindividual Variability","volume":"47","author":"Baker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-45.4.364","article-title":"Sweat Rates, Sweat Sodium Concentrations, and Sodium Losses in 3 Groups of Professional Football Players","volume":"45","author":"Godek","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2019.1632145","article-title":"Physiology of sweat gland function: The roles of sweating and sweat composition in human health","volume":"6","author":"Baker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"59","article-title":"Associations Between Body Mass Index and the Prevalence of Low Micronutrient Levels Among US Adults","volume":"8","author":"Kimmons","year":"2006","journal-title":"MedGenMed Medscape Gen. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514000981","article-title":"Soluble maize fibre affects short-term calcium absorption in adolescent boys and girls: A randomised controlled trial using dual stable isotopic tracers","volume":"112","author":"Whisner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.227256","article-title":"Soluble Corn Fiber Increases Calcium Absorption Associated with Shifts in the Gut Microbiome: A Randomized Dose-Response Trial in Free-Living Pubertal Females","volume":"146","author":"Whisner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-010-9457-7","article-title":"Lactobacillus casei reduces the inflammatory joint damage associated with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) by reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokines: Lactobacillus casei: COX-2 inhibitor","volume":"31","author":"Amdekar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4824","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8240","article-title":"The effect of probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-37, and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM) on the availability of minerals from Dutch-type cheese","volume":"97","author":"Aljewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.04.051","article-title":"Does Lactobacillus plantarum or ultrafiltration process improve Ca, Mg, Zn and P bioavailability from fermented goats\u2019 milk?","volume":"187","author":"Artacho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8724","article-title":"Association between the gut microbiota and mineral metabolism","volume":"98","author":"Skrypnik","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/00008469-199208000-00002","article-title":"Lactobacilli, anticarcinogenic activities and human intestinal microflora","volume":"1","author":"Lidbeck","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Massot-Cladera, M., Azagra-Boronat, I., Franch, \u00c0., Castell, M., Rodr\u00edguez-Lagunas, M.J., and P\u00e9rez-Cano, F.J. (2020). Gut Health-Promoting Benefits of a Dietary Supplement of Vitamins with Inulin and Acacia Fibers in Rats. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082196"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krausova, G., Kana, A., Vecka, M., Hyrslova, I., Stankova, B., Kantorova, V., Mrvikova, I., Huttl, M., and Malinska, H. (2021). In Vivo Bioavailability of Selenium in Selenium-Enriched Streptococcus thermophilus and Enterococcus faecium in CD IGS Rats. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10030463"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-019-1819-0","article-title":"Zinc-enriched probiotics enhanced growth performance, antioxidant status, immune function, gene expression, and morphological characteristics of Wistar rats raised under high ambient temperature","volume":"9","author":"Malyar","year":"2019","journal-title":"3 Biotech."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-02011-y","article-title":"Absorption and Distribution of Selenium Following Oral Administration of Selenium-Enriched Bifidobacterium longum DD98, Selenized Yeast, or Sodium Selenite in Rats","volume":"197","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Element Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dobrowolski, H., Karczemna, A., and W\u0142odarek, D. (2020). Nutrition for Female Soccer Players\u2014Recommendations. Medicina, 56.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56010028"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"295","article-title":"Soccer helps build strong bones during growth: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"177","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2011.09.003","article-title":"Muscle strength and soccer practice as major determinants of bone mineral density in adolescents","volume":"79","author":"Seabra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Jt. Bone Spine"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738116677732","article-title":"Bone Health in Athletes","volume":"9","author":"Goolsby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Health Multidiscip. Approach"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2147\/OAJSM.S100026","article-title":"Treatment strategies for the female athlete triad in the adolescent athlete: Current perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Hammer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Access J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01161-2","article-title":"Nutrition and Athlete Bone Health","volume":"49","author":"Sale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1498-8","article-title":"Reduced energy availability: Implications for bone health in physically active populations","volume":"57","author":"Papageorgiou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.08.019","article-title":"Effects of reduced energy availability on bone metabolism in women and men","volume":"105","author":"Papageorgiou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7142","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i23.7142","article-title":"Molecular aspects of intestinal calcium absorption","volume":"21","author":"Guizzardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, J.-B., Suzuki, Y., Gyimesi, G., Hediger, M., Kozak, J.A., and Putney, J.W. (2017). TRPV5 and TRPV6 Calcium-Selective Channels. Calcium Entry Channels in Non-Excitable Cells, Informa UK Limited.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315152592-13"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i3.287","article-title":"Roles of Na+\/Ca2+ exchanger 1 in digestive system physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"25","author":"Liao","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-017-0331-y","article-title":"Gut Microbiota, Immune System, and Bone","volume":"102","author":"Sassi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-015-0257-0","article-title":"Diet, Gut Microbiome, and Bone Health","volume":"13","author":"Weaver","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/63.4.574","article-title":"Effect of acetate and propionate on calcium absorption from the rectum and distal colon of humans","volume":"63","author":"Trinidad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"21","article-title":"Prebiotics and calcium bioavailability","volume":"4","author":"Cashman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Intest. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201500480","article-title":"Calcium supplementation modulates gut microbiota in a prebiotic manner in dietary obese mice","volume":"60","author":"Chaplin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"522","article-title":"Earliest evidence for cheese making in the sixth millennium bc in northern Europe","volume":"493","author":"Salque","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-017-0317-9","article-title":"Effects of Fermented Milk Products on Bone","volume":"102","author":"Rizzoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-020-00591-6","article-title":"Are Probiotics the New Calcium and Vitamin D for Bone Health?","volume":"18","author":"Rizzoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4049-5","article-title":"Greater yogurt consumption is associated with increased bone mineral density and physical function in older adults","volume":"28","author":"Laird","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4535-4","article-title":"Fermented dairy products consumption is associated with attenuated cortical bone loss independently of total calcium, protein, and energy intakes in healthy postmenopausal women","volume":"29","author":"Biver","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"1","article-title":"Milk and yogurt consumption are linked with higher bone mineral density but not with hip fracture: The Framingham Offspring Study","volume":"8","author":"Sahni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Osteoporos."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517000885","article-title":"Probiotic yogurt and acidified milk similarly reduce postprandial inflammation and both alter the gut microbiota of healthy, young men","volume":"117","author":"Burton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.1.91","article-title":"Molecular analysis of yogurt containing Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in human intestinal microbiota","volume":"87","author":"Angulo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharifi-Rad, J., Rodrigues, C., Stojanovi\u0107-Radi\u0107, Z., Dimitrijevi\u0107, M., Aleksi\u0107, A., Neffe-Skoci\u0144ska, K., Zieli\u0144ska, D., Ko\u0142o\u017cyn-Krajewska, D., Salehi, B., and Prabu, S.M. (2020). Probiotics: Versatile Bioactive Components in Promoting Human Health. Medicina, 56.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56090433"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effect of probiotic bacteria on transepithelial calcium transport and calcium uptake in human intestinal-like Caco-2 cells","volume":"7","author":"Gilman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. issues Intest. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-018-0417-1","article-title":"Overview of Osteoimmunology","volume":"102","author":"Terashima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0059-4","article-title":"Inflammaging: A new immune\u2013metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases","volume":"14","author":"Franceschi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"National Research Council (1989). Diet and Health: Implications for Reducing Chronic Disease Risk, The National Academies Press."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000178","article-title":"Magnesium and the Athlete","volume":"14","author":"Volpe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Sports Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1684\/mrh.2012.0317","article-title":"Magnesium intake mediates the association between bone mineral density and lean soft tissue in elite swimmers","volume":"25","author":"Matias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Magnes. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507864841","article-title":"Assessment of nutrient and water intake among adolescents from sports federations in the Federal District, Brazil","volume":"99","author":"Nogueira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2007.01.001","article-title":"Nutritional status of adventure racers","volume":"23","author":"Zalcman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410801930192","article-title":"Body composition and nutritional profile of male adolescent tennis players","volume":"26","author":"Juzwiak","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"143","article-title":"Estimation of energy and nutritional intake of young men practicing aerobic sports","volume":"64","author":"Wierniuk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Roczniki Pa\u0144stwowego Zak\u0142adu Higieny"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2014.969323","article-title":"Low energy availability and low body fat of female gymnasts before an international competition","volume":"15","author":"Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"180","article-title":"Update on the relationship between magnesium and exercise","volume":"19","author":"Nielsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Magnes. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1684\/mrh.2018.0430","article-title":"The effect of magnesium supplementation on muscle fitness: A meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Magnes. Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4706","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1810633116","article-title":"TRPM7 is the central gatekeeper of intestinal mineral absorption essential for postnatal survival","volume":"116","author":"Mittermeier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luongo, F., Pietropaolo, G., Gautier, M., Dhennin-Duthille, I., Ouadid-Ahidouch, H., Wolf, F.I., and Trapani, V. (2018). TRPM6 is Essential for Magnesium Uptake and Epithelial Cell Function in the Colon. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10060784"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5398","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI76614","article-title":"Membrane protein CNNM4\u2013dependent Mg2+ efflux suppresses tumor progression","volume":"124","author":"Funato","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamazaki, D., Funato, Y., Miura, J., Sato, S., Toyosawa, S., Furutani, K., Kurachi, Y., Omori, Y., Furukawa, T., and Tsuda, T. (2013). Basolateral Mg2+ Extrusion via CNNM4 Mediates Transcellular Mg2+ Transport across Epithelia: A Mouse Model. PLoS Genet., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003983"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/112_2018_15","article-title":"Magnesium Extravaganza: A Critical Compendium of Current Research into Cellular Mg(2+) Transporters Other than TRPM6\/7","volume":"176","author":"Kolisek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2015.7","article-title":"Dietary magnesium deficiency affects gut microbiota and anxiety-like behaviour in C57BL\/6N mice","volume":"27","author":"Winther","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11235","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900839R","article-title":"Low gut microbiota diversity and dietary magnesium intake are associated with the development of PPI-induced hypomagnesemia","volume":"33","author":"Gommers","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2002696","article-title":"Morphological and immune response alterations in the intestinal mucosa of the mouse after short periods on a low-magnesium diet","volume":"88","author":"Zimowska","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Legorreta, A., Soriano-P\u00e9rez, L.A., Flores-Buend\u00eda, A.M., Medina-Campos, O.N., Noriega, L.G., Granados-Portillo, O., Nambo-Venegas, R., Tovar, A.R., Mendoza-Vargas, A., and Barrera-Oviedo, D. (2020). Effect of Dietary Magnesium Content on Intestinal Microbiota of Rats. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092889"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubota, M., Ito, K., Tomimoto, K., Kanazaki, M., Tsukiyama, K., Kubota, A., Kuroki, H., Fujita, M., and Vandenplas, Y. (2020). Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Magnesium Oxide in Children with Functional Chronic Constipation: A Double-Blind and Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010225"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.153353","article-title":"Combined bioavailable isoflavones and probiotics improve bone status and estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal osteopenic women: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"106","author":"Lambert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2010.04745.x","article-title":"Bioconversion of isoflavone glycosides to aglycones, mineral bioavailability and vitamin B complex in fermented soymilk by probiotic bacteria and yeast","volume":"109","author":"Rekha","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piuri, G., Zocchi, M., Della Porta, M., Ficara, V., Manoni, M., Zuccotti, G.V., Pinotti, L., Maier, J.A., and Cazzola, R. (2021). Magnesium in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020320"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maywald, M., Wessels, I., and Rink, L. (2017). Zinc Signals and Immunity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102222"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-019-04157-y","article-title":"Iron considerations for the athlete: A narrative review","volume":"119","author":"Sim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_83","unstructured":"Dahlerup, J., Lindgren, S., and Moum, B. (2015). Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are global health problems. Lakartidningen, 112."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yilmaz, B., and Li, H. (2018). Gut Microbiota and Iron: The Crucial Actors in Health and Disease. Pharmaceuticals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph11040098"},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"G397","article-title":"Mechanistic and regulatory aspects of intestinal iron absorption","volume":"307","author":"Gulec","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(99)00065-5","article-title":"The iron transporter DMT1","volume":"31","author":"Andrews","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2012.03.004","article-title":"Ferroportin-mediated iron transport: Expression and regulation","volume":"1823","author":"Ward","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA Bioenerg."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e524","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(17)30182-5","article-title":"Iron absorption from oral iron supplements given on consecutive versus alternate days and as single morning doses versus twice-daily split dosing in iron-depleted women: Two open-label, randomised controlled trials","volume":"4","author":"Stoffel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-012-9582-7","article-title":"Effect of Zinc Sulfate Fortificant on Iron Absorption from Low Extraction Wheat Flour Co-Fortified with Ferrous Sulfate","volume":"151","author":"Olivares","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Element Res."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e500","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(17)30194-1","article-title":"Treatment of iron deficiency is getting trendy","volume":"4","author":"Auerbach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156067","article-title":"The effects of iron fortification and supplementation on the gut microbiome and diarrhea in infants and children: A review","volume":"106","author":"Paganini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12553","article-title":"Oral iron supplementation: Potential implications for the gut microbiome and metabolome in patients with CKD","volume":"21","author":"Kortman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hemodial. Int."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309940","article-title":"Oral versus intravenous iron replacement therapy distinctly alters the gut microbiota and metabolome in patients with IBD","volume":"66","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-016-0508-4","article-title":"Iron, microbiota and colorectal cancer","volume":"166","author":"Ng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wien. Med. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510001637","article-title":"Low levels of faecal lactobacilli in women with iron-deficiency anaemia in south India","volume":"104","author":"Balamurugan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1080\/003655202320378176","article-title":"Influence of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Iron Absorption by Proximal Colon","volume":"37","author":"Roland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.10.005","article-title":"Microbial Metabolite Signaling Is Required for Systemic Iron Homeostasis","volume":"31","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390903569640","article-title":"An Introduction to the Traditional Fermented Foods and Beverages of Turkey","volume":"51","author":"Kabak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0963-9969(03)00009-7","article-title":"Cereal-based fermented foods and beverages","volume":"36","author":"Blandino","year":"2003","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afify, A.E.M.M., El-Beltagi, H.S., Abd El-Salam, S.M., and Omran, A.A. (2011). Bioavailability of iron, zinc, phytate and phytase activity during soaking and germination of white sorghum varieties. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025512"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2018.01.005","article-title":"Microbiome engineering to improve biocontrol and plant growth-promoting mechanisms","volume":"208","author":"Glick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.10.001","article-title":"Plant-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs Shape the Gut Microbiota","volume":"24","author":"Teng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4592","DOI":"10.1039\/C7FO01348E","article-title":"Estimation of the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in Chinese vegetables using the in vitro digestion\/Caco-2 cell model: The influence of gut microbiota","volume":"8","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.11.011","article-title":"Determination of iron (III) in food, biological and environmental samples","volume":"221","author":"Verma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7042274","article-title":"Duodenal Cytochrome b (DCYTB) in Iron Metabolism: An Update on Function and Regulation","volume":"7","author":"Lane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10675","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b03046","article-title":"In Vitro Method To Assess Soil Arsenic Metabolism by Human Gut Microbiota: Arsenic Speciation and Distribution","volume":"49","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023225521311","article-title":"Review: Microbial mechanisms of accessing insoluble Fe(III) as an energy source","volume":"19","author":"Luu","year":"2003","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vonderheid, S.C., Tussing-Humphreys, L., Park, C., Pauls, H., Hemphill, N.O., LaBomascus, B., McLeod, A., and Koenig, M.D. (2019). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Probiotic Species on Iron Absorption and Iron Status. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11122938"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101529","article-title":"Zinc at the crossroads of exercise and proteostasis","volume":"35","author":"Parsons","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmz013","article-title":"The Role of Zinc in Antiviral Immunity","volume":"10","author":"Read","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, T., Yan, G., and Guan, M. (2020). Zinc Homeostasis in Bone: Zinc Transporters and Bone Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041236"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-014-1139-0","article-title":"Biological consequences of zinc deficiency in the pathomechanisms of selected diseases","volume":"19","author":"Jurowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. JBIC"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2015.109","article-title":"Immunological aspects of sport nutrition","volume":"94","author":"Gleeson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200131080-00002","article-title":"Zinc status in athletes: Relation to diet and exercise","volume":"31","author":"Micheletti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medici.2015.11.004","article-title":"Nutritional habits among high-performance endurance athletes","volume":"51","author":"Baranauskas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199316060-00004","article-title":"Nutritional Practices of Elite Athletes","volume":"16","author":"Economos","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-1079-7","article-title":"Micronutrient status and intake in omnivores, vegetarians and vegans in Switzerland","volume":"56","author":"Wegmuller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nebl, J., Schuchardt, J.P., Str\u00f6hle, A., Wasserfurth, P., Haufe, S., Eigendorf, J., Tegtbur, U., and Hahn, A. (2019). Micronutrient Status of Recreational Runners with Vegetarian or Non-Vegetarian Dietary Patterns. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051146"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heffernan, S.M., Horner, K., De Vito, G., and Conway, G.E. (2019). The Role of Mineral and Trace Element Supplementation in Exercise and Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030696"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01712","article-title":"The Potential Impact of Zinc Supplementation on COVID-19 Pathogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Wessels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S295377","article-title":"The Implications of Zinc Therapy in Combating the COVID-19 Global Pandemic","volume":"14","author":"Samad","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.64.1","article-title":"Absorption Mechanisms of Iron, Copper, and Zinc: An Overview","volume":"64","author":"Nishito","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Umair, M., and Alfadhel, M. (2019). Genetic Disorders Associated with Metal Metabolism. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8121598"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20988","article-title":"An update on mutations of theSLC39A4gene in acrodermatitis enteropathica","volume":"30","author":"Schmitt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1039\/C4MT00108G","article-title":"ZnT-1 extrudes zinc from mammalian cells functioning as a Zn2+\/H+exchanger","volume":"6","author":"Shusterman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knezevic, J., Starchl, C., Berisha, A.T., and Amrein, K. (2020). Thyroid-Gut-Axis: How Does the Microbiota Influence Thyroid Function?. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061769"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17578","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17901-1","article-title":"Investigation of bioaccessibility of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in market vegetables in the colon using PBET combined with SHIME","volume":"7","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.05.022","article-title":"Use of the physiologically-based extraction test to assess the oral bioaccessibility of metals in vegetable plants grown in contaminated soil","volume":"152","author":"Intawongse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6291","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b01481","article-title":"Alterations in the Gut (Gallus gallus) Microbiota Following the Consumption of Zinc Biofortified Wheat (Triticum aestivum)-Based Diet","volume":"66","author":"Reed","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9768","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7125497","article-title":"Chronic Zinc Deficiency Alters Chick Gut Microbiota Composition and Function","volume":"7","author":"Reed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01295","article-title":"Zinc Deficiency During Pregnancy Leads to Altered Microbiome and Elevated Inflammatory Markers in Mice","volume":"13","author":"Sauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.03.032","article-title":"Competitors versus Collaborators: Micronutrient Processing by Pathogenic and Commensal Human-Associated Gut Bacteria","volume":"78","author":"Celis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508981447","article-title":"Gum arabic establishes prebiotic functionality in healthy human volunteers in a dose-dependent manner","volume":"100","author":"Calame","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_134","first-page":"469","article-title":"The role of zinc and nutritional immunity in Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"9","author":"Zackular","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut Microbes."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, S., Li, R., Jin, H., You, H.J., and Ji, G.E. (2020). Effects of Selenium- and Zinc-Enriched Lactobacillus plantarum SeZi on Antioxidant Capacities and Gut Microbiome in an ICR Mouse Model. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9101028"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61452-9","article-title":"Selenium and human health","volume":"379","author":"Rayman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3292","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules18033292","article-title":"Selenium in the Environment, Metabolism and Involvement in Body Functions","volume":"18","author":"Mehdi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wardenaar, F., Brinkmans, N., Ceelen, I., Van Rooij, B., Mensink, M., Witkamp, R., and De Vries, J. (2017). Micronutrient Intakes in 553 Dutch Elite and Sub-Elite Athletes: Prevalence of Low and High Intakes in Users and Non-Users of Nutritional Supplements. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9020142"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kristensen, N.B., Madsen, M.L., Hansen, T.H., Allin, K.H., Hoppe, C., Fagt, S., Lausten, M.S., G\u00f8bel, R.J., Vestergaard, H., and Hansen, T. (2015). Intake of macro- and micronutrients in Danish vegans. Nutr. J., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-015-0103-3"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.11.035","article-title":"Intake and adequacy of the vegan diet. A systematic review of the evidence","volume":"40","author":"Bakaloudi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McSwiney, F., and Doyle, L. (2019). Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diets in Male Endurance Athletes Demonstrate Different Micronutrient Contents and Changes in Corpuscular Haemoglobin over 12 Weeks. Sports, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7090201"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199503000-00015","article-title":"Selenium and training effects on the glutathione system and aerobic performance","volume":"27","author":"Tessier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0946-672X(97)80008-9","article-title":"Effects of Endurance Training on Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Capacities with and without Selenium Supplementation","volume":"11","author":"Margaritis","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Trace Elements Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-011-9138-2","article-title":"Effect of zinc and selenium supplementation on serum testosterone and plasma lactate in cyclist after an exhaustive exercise bout","volume":"144","author":"Gaeini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-L\u00e1zaro, D., Fernandez-Lazaro, C.I., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Navascu\u00e9s, L.J., C\u00f3rdova Mart\u00ednez, A., and Seco-Calvo, J. (2020). The Role of Selenium Mineral Trace Element in Exercise: Antioxidant Defense System, Muscle Performance, Hormone Response, and Athletic Performance. A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061790"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moghaddam, A., Heller, R.A., Sun, Q., Seelig, J., Cherkezov, A., Seibert, L., Hackler, J., Seemann, P., Diegmann, J., and Pilz, M. (2020). Selenium Deficiency Is Associated with Mortality Risk from COVID-19. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202007.0113.v1"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101764","article-title":"Prediction of survival odds in COVID-19 by zinc, age and selenoprotein P as composite biomarker","volume":"38","author":"Heller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2008.06.009","article-title":"The gastrointestinal microbiota affects the selenium status and selenoprotein expression in mice","volume":"20","author":"Hrdina","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-181990","article-title":"Dietary selenium affects host selenoproteome expression by influencing the gut microbiota","volume":"25","author":"Kasaikina","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.126537","article-title":"Effect of gut microflora on nutritional availability of selenium","volume":"319","author":"Takahashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4975","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO00960D","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of selenium enriched-Bifidobacterium longum DD98, and its repairing effects on antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbacteriosis in mice","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.129049","article-title":"A Human Model of Selenium that Integrates Metabolism from Selenite and Selenomethionine","volume":"141","author":"Wastney","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318268861d","article-title":"Selenium and zinc internalized by Lactobacillus buchneri Lb26 (DSM 16341) and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb1 (DSM 17850): Improved bioavailability using a new biological approach","volume":"46","author":"Mogna","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/13\/6803\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:23:09Z","timestamp":1760163789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/13\/6803"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]},"references-count":153,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms22136803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22136803","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]}}}