{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T13:34:19Z","timestamp":1772890459129,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bio and Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation funded by the Korean government","award":["NRF-2019M3E5D5065844"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019M3E5D5065844"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) with distant metastases have a poor prognosis. We evaluated the clinicopathological relevance of GRP94 expression in these cases. The immunohistochemical expression of GRP94 was studied in 189 CRC patients with synchronous (SM; n = 123) and metachronous metastases (MM; n = 66), using tissue microarray; the association between GRP94 expression, outcome, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was also evaluated. GRP94 was expressed in 64.6% (122\/189) patients with CRC; GRP94 positivity was found in 67.5% and 59.1% patients with SM and MM, respectively. In the SM group, high GRP94 expression was more common in patients with a higher density of CD4+ TILs (p = 0.002), unlike in the MM group. Survival analysis showed that patients with GRP94 positivity had significantly favorable survival (p = 0.030); after multivariate analysis, GRP94 only served as an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.034; hazard ratio, 0.581; 95% confidence interval, 0.351\u20130.961) in the SM group. GRP94 expression was detected in 49.4% of metastatic sites and showed significant heterogeneity between primary and metastatic lesions (p = 0.012). GRP94 is widely expressed in CRC with distant metastases; its expression was associated with favorable prognosis in the SM group, unlike in the MM group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22137042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T03:53:15Z","timestamp":1625025195000},"page":"7042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Association of GRP94 Expression in Colorectal Cancer with Synchronous and Metachronous Metastases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0086-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumi","family":"Yun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Samkwang Medical Laboratories, Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Seoul 06742, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sukmook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6518-0602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyeon Jeong","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoonjin","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1667-7986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Seung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2021.291","article-title":"Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2018","volume":"53","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Res. 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