{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:36:47Z","timestamp":1789501007111,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"KNOW (Leading National Research Centre) Scientific Consortium \u201cHealthy Animal \u2013 Safe Food\u201d","award":["05-1\/KNOW2\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05-1\/KNOW2\/2015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quercetin-3-glucuronide (Q3GA), the main phase II metabolite of quercetin (Q) in human plasma, is considered to be a more stable form of Q for transport with the bloodstream to tissues, where it can be potentially deconjugated by \u03b2-glucuronidase (\u03b2-Gluc) to Q aglycone, which easily enters the brain. This study evaluates the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute inflammation on \u03b2-Gluc gene expression in the choroid plexus (ChP) and its activity in blood plasma, ChP and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the concentration of Q and its phase II metabolites in blood plasma and CSF. Studies were performed on saline- and LPS-treated adult ewes (n = 40) receiving Q3GA intravenously (n = 16) and on primary rat ChP epithelial cells and human ChP epithelial papilloma cells. We observed that acute inflammation stimulated \u03b2-Gluc activity in the ChP and blood plasma, but not in ChP epithelial cells and CSF, and did not affect Q and its phase II metabolite concentrations in plasma and CSF, except Q3GA, for which the plasma concentration was higher 30 min after administration (p &lt; 0.05) in LPS- compared to saline-treated ewes. The lack of Q3GA deconjugation in the ChP observed under physiological and acute inflammatory conditions, however, does not exclude its possible role in the course of neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22137122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T12:03:27Z","timestamp":1625141007000},"page":"7122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Challenge on \u03b2-Glucuronidase Activity and the Concentration of Quercetin and Its Metabolites in the Choroid Plexus, Blood Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5665-0051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Dom\u017calska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6021-5589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wies\u0142aw","family":"Wiczkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5578-3063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Szczepkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3845-4775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Chojnowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, 18-400 Lomza, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Misztal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jab\u0142onna, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8145-2823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fruzsina R.","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, ELKH, 6726 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6084-6524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria A.","family":"Deli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, ELKH, 6726 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horst","family":"Schroten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1706-0259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Schwerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5900-6472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janina","family":"Skipor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(97)01018-2","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds","volume":"2","author":"Miller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.194044","article-title":"Overviews of biological importance of quercetin: A bioactive flavonoid","volume":"10","author":"Arulmoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. 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