{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:36:33Z","timestamp":1762079793137,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012000","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n CajaCanarias","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015 BIO14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015 BIO14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Canaria para el Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (FUNCCET)","award":["none"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["none"]}]},{"name":"Red de Investigaci\u00f3n de Centros de Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET)-Ministerio de Economi\u0301a y Competitividad-Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["RD16\/0027\/0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0027\/0001"]}]},{"name":"Programa de ayudas a la formaci\u00f3n del personal investigador para la realizaci\u00f3n de tesis doctorales en Canarias de la Consejer\u00eda de Econom\u00eda, Industria, Comercio y Conocimiento cofinanciada en un 85% por el Fondo Social Europeo\u201d,","award":["TESIS2019010018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TESIS2019010018"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)","award":["none"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["none"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Transcriptional analysis of complex biological scenarios has been used extensively, even though sometimes the results of such analysis may prove imprecise or difficult to interpret due to an overwhelming amount of information. In this study, a large-scale real-time qPCR experiment was coupled to multivariate statistical analysis in order to describe the main immunological events underlying the early L. infantum infection in livers of BALB\/c mice. High-throughput qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of 223 genes related to immunological response and metabolism 1, 3, 5, and 10 days post infection. This integrative analysis showed strikingly different gene signatures at 1 and 10 days post infection, revealing the progression of infection in the experimental model based on the upregulation of particular immunological response patterns and mediators. The gene signature 1 day post infection was not only characterized by the upregulation of mediators involved in interferon signaling and cell chemotaxis, but also the upregulation of some inhibitory markers. In contrast, at 10 days post infection, the upregulation of many inflammatory and Th1 markers characterized a more defined gene signature with the upregulation of mediators in the IL-12 signaling pathway. Our results reveal a significant connection between the expression of innate immune response and metabolic and inhibitory markers in early L. infantum infection of the liver.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22137161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T10:06:34Z","timestamp":1625220394000},"page":"7161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Early Transcriptional Liver Signatures in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7577-8365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e9nesis","family":"Palacios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud P\u00fablica de Canarias (IUESTPC), Universidad de la Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrof\u00edsico Francisco S\u00e1nchez s\/n, 38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Diaz-Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud P\u00fablica de Canarias (IUESTPC), Universidad de la Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrof\u00edsico Francisco S\u00e1nchez s\/n, 38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basilio","family":"Valladares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud P\u00fablica de Canarias (IUESTPC), Universidad de la Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrof\u00edsico Francisco S\u00e1nchez s\/n, 38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda, Pediatr\u00eda, Medicina Preventiva y Salud P\u00fablica, Toxicolog\u00eda, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrof\u00edsico F. S\u00e1nchez s\/n, 38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain"},{"name":"Red de Investigaci\u00f3n Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7269-1889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Dorta-Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud P\u00fablica de Canarias (IUESTPC), Universidad de la Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrof\u00edsico Francisco S\u00e1nchez s\/n, 38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Matem\u00e1ticas, Estad\u00edstica e Investigaci\u00f3n Operativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1126-993X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Carmelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud P\u00fablica de Canarias (IUESTPC), Universidad de la Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrof\u00edsico Francisco S\u00e1nchez s\/n, 38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda, Pediatr\u00eda, Medicina Preventiva y Salud P\u00fablica, Toxicolog\u00eda, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrof\u00edsico F. S\u00e1nchez s\/n, 38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Matem\u00e1ticas, Estad\u00edstica e Investigaci\u00f3n Operativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652014000100001","article-title":"Animal models for the study of leishmaniasis immunology","volume":"56","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.5.2135-2142.1998","article-title":"Cloning of Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) Cytokine cDNAs and Analysis of Cytokine mRNA Expression in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis","volume":"66","author":"Melby","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. 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