{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:47:32Z","timestamp":1787028452542,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common articular degenerative disease characterized by chronic pain, joint inflammation, and movement limitations, which are significantly influenced by aberrant epigenetic modifications of numerous OA-susceptible genes. Recent studies revealed that both the abnormal activation and differential expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) might contribute to OA pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the chondroprotective effects of a marine-derived HDAC inhibitor, panobinostat, on anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced experimental OA rats. The intra-articular administration of 2 or 10 \u00b5g of panobinostat (each group, n = 7) per week from the 6th to 17th week attenuates ACLT-induced nociceptive behaviors, including secondary mechanical allodynia and weight-bearing distribution. Histopathological and microcomputed tomography analysis showed that panobinostat significantly prevents cartilage degeneration after ACLT. Moreover, intra-articular panobinostat exerts hypertrophic effects in the chondrocytes of articular cartilage by regulating the protein expressions of HDAC4, HDAC6, HDAC7, runt-domain transcription factor-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-13. The study indicated that HDACs might have different modulations on the chondrocyte phenotype in the early stages of OA development. These results provide new evidence that panobinostat may be a potential therapeutic drug for OA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T12:31:25Z","timestamp":1625661085000},"page":"7290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Chondroprotective Effects of a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Panobinostat, on Pain Behavior and Cartilage Degradation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection-Induced Experimental Osteoarthritic Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4411-044X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi-Hong","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jhy-Shrian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Antai Medical Care Corporation Anti Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, PingTong 92842, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7636-1115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen-You","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4791-6078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi-Kang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81341, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Cheng","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Asia University Hospital, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu-Fu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Tzu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Chun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pingtung Christian Hospital, No. 60 Dalian Road, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3131-207X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Chi","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Chang","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Antai Medical Care Corporation Anti Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-Hsuan","family":"Jean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Antai Medical Care Corporation Anti Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, PingTong 92842, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-015-0388-8","article-title":"Panobinostat: First global approval","volume":"75","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubiolo, J., Alonso, E., and Cagide, E. 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