{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T13:37:00Z","timestamp":1792503420804,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FS\/15\/32\/31604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS\/15\/32\/31604"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Up to 11% of pregnancies extend to post-term with adverse obstetric events linked to pregnancies over 42 weeks. Oxidative stress and senescence (cells stop growing and dividing by irreversibly arresting their cell cycle and gradually ageing) can result in diminished cell function. There are no detailed studies of placental cell senescence markers across a range of gestational ages, although increased levels have been linked to pre-eclampsia before full term. This study aimed to determine placental senescence and oxidative markers across a range of gestational ages in women with uncomplicated pregnancies and those with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. Placentae were obtained from 37 women with uncomplicated pregnancies of 37\u201342 weeks and from 13 cases of pre-eclampsia of 31+2\u201341+2 weeks. The expression of markers of senescence, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defence (tumour suppressor protein p16INK4a, kinase inhibitor p21, interleukin-6 (IL-6), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), glutathione peroxidases 1, 3, and 4 (GPx1, GPx3, and GPx4), placental growth factor (PlGF), and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1)) genes was measured (quantitative real-time PCR). Protein abundance of p16INK4a, IL-6, NOX4, 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG), and PlGF was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Placental NOX4 protein was higher in post-term than term deliveries and further increased by pre-eclampsia (p &lt; 0.05 for all). P21 expression was higher in post-term placentae (p = 0.012) and in pre-eclampsia (p = 0.04), compared to term. Placental P16INK4a protein expression was increased post-term, compared to term (p = 0.01). In normotensive women, gestational age at delivery was negatively associated with GPx4 and PlGF (mRNA and protein) (p &lt; 0.05 for all), whereas a positive correlation was seen with placental P21, NOX4, and P16INK4a (p &lt; 0.05 for all) expression. Markers of placental oxidative stress and senescence appear to increase as gestational age increases, with antioxidant defences diminishing concomitantly. These observations increase our understanding of placental health and may contribute to assessment of the optimal gestational age for delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T12:31:25Z","timestamp":1625661085000},"page":"7295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Increased Placental Cell Senescence and Oxidative Stress in Women with Pre-Eclampsia and Normotensive Post-Term Pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Paula J.","family":"Scaife","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesia O.","family":"Kurlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise V.","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Broughton Pipkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0026-9494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyn J. P.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2564-7348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiten D.","family":"Mistry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women and Children\u2019s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12653","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12653","article-title":"Oxidative stress, placental ageing-related pathologies and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"77","author":"Sultana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. 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