{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:25:55Z","timestamp":1789503955836,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]],"date-time":"2021-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Promocio\u0301n Cient\u0131\u0301fica y Tecnolo\u0301gica from Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u0131\u0301a e Innovacio\u0301n Productiva, Repu\u0301blica Argentina.","award":["PICT 2017 0880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 2017 0880"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The small intestine has a high rate of cell turnover under homeostatic conditions, and this increases further in response to infection or damage. Epithelial cells mostly die by apoptosis, but recent studies indicate that this may also involve pro-inflammatory pathways of programmed cell death, such as pyroptosis and necroptosis. Celiac disease (CD), the most prevalent immune-based enteropathy, is caused by loss of oral tolerance to peptides derived from wheat, rye, and barley in genetically predisposed individuals. Although cytotoxic cells and gluten-specific CD4+ Th1 cells are the central players in the pathology, inflammatory pathways induced by cell death may participate in driving and sustaining the disease through the release of alarmins. In this review, we summarize the recent literature addressing the role of programmed cell death pathways in the small intestine, describing how these mechanisms may contribute to CD and discussing their potential implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:23:36Z","timestamp":1626049416000},"page":"7426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Programmed Cell Death in the Small Intestine: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Federico","family":"Perez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Estudios Inmunol\u00f3gicos y Fisiopatol\u00f3gicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, CIC PBA, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1900, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina Nayme","family":"Ruera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Estudios Inmunol\u00f3gicos y Fisiopatol\u00f3gicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, CIC PBA, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1900, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuel","family":"Miculan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Estudios Inmunol\u00f3gicos y Fisiopatol\u00f3gicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, CIC PBA, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1900, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Carasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Estudios Inmunol\u00f3gicos y Fisiopatol\u00f3gicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, CIC PBA, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1900, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Gabriel","family":"Chirdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Estudios Inmunol\u00f3gicos y Fisiopatol\u00f3gicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, CIC PBA, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1900, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-019-0164-5","article-title":"The molecular machinery of regulated cell death","volume":"29","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601342","article-title":"Alarmins: Feel the Stress","volume":"198","author":"Rider","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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