{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T09:35:41Z","timestamp":1788428141932,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aging-associated dermatological pigmentary diseases are associated with accumulation of senescence cells and the disruption of basement membrane due to chronic ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. Our study is on the synergistic effect of the novel 300 \u03bcm needle-depth fractional microneedling radiofrequency (FMR) treatment and conventional Q-switched ND:YAG laser on aging-associated hyperpigmentation of the skin. The prospective controlled clinical trial of 25 Asian women revealed significantly higher improvements not only on wrinkles, but also on hyperpigmentation. Additional ex vivo study revealed significant reduction of pro-melanogenic markers as well as senescent keratinocytes, while increased expression of collagen type IV on the epidermal basement membrane, after additional FMR treatment on UV-irradiated human tissues. These results demonstrate that 300 \u03bcm needle-depth FMR might effectively remove senescent keratinocytes that secrete pro-melanogenic markers, and repair disrupted basement membrane, therefore preventing constant hyperpigmentation of the aged skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T04:26:06Z","timestamp":1626150366000},"page":"7480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Synergistic Effect of 300 \u03bcm Needle-Depth Fractional Microneedling Radiofrequency on the Treatment of Senescence-Induced Aging Hyperpigmentation of the Skin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6831-7379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young In","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"},{"name":"Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1608-1402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunbin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0046-3139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6628-3507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jemin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"},{"name":"Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"},{"name":"Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won Jai","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"},{"name":"Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-020-03008-z","article-title":"Clinical improvement of photoaging-associated facial hyperpigmentation in korean skin with a picosecond 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lasers Med. 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