{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:17:11Z","timestamp":1793305031474,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":236,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are a population of neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) extending with their soma to the inner retina and with their axons to the optic nerve. Glaucoma represents a group of neurodegenerative diseases where the slow progressive death of RGCs results in a permanent loss of vision. To date, although Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP) is considered the main therapeutic target, the precise mechanisms by which RGCs die in glaucoma have not yet been clarified. In fact, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), which is the most common glaucoma form, also occurs without elevated IOP. This present review provides a summary of some pathological conditions, i.e., axonal transport blockade, glutamate excitotoxicity and changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines along the RGC projection, all involved in the glaucoma cascade. Moreover, neuro-protective therapeutic approaches, which aim to improve RGC degeneration, have also been taken into consideration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22157994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T03:53:53Z","timestamp":1627358033000},"page":"7994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Risk Factors for Retinal Ganglion Cell Distress in Glaucoma and Neuroprotective Potential Intervention"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3124-5740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Vernazza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Oddone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Tirendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4633-4298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Bassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643685","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.643685","article-title":"Transneuronal Degeneration in the Brain During Glaucoma","volume":"13","author":"You","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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