{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T14:50:15Z","timestamp":1782139815220,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: CD24 is a mucin-like glycoprotein expressed at the surface of hematopoietic and tumor cells and was recently shown to be expressed in the first trimester placenta. As it was postulated as an immune suppressor, CD24 may contribute to maternal immune tolerance to the growing fetus. Preeclampsia (PE), a major pregnancy complication, is linked to reduced immune tolerance. Here, we explored the expression of CD24 in PE placenta in preterm and term cases. Methods: Placentas were derived from first and early second trimester social terminations (N = 43), and third trimester normal term delivery (N = 67), preterm PE (N = 18), and preterm delivery (PTD) (N = 6). CD24 expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting. A smaller cohort included 3\u20135 subjects each of term and early PE, and term and preterm delivery controls analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: A higher expression (2.27-fold) of CD24 mRNA was determined in the normal term delivery compared to first and early second trimester cases. The mRNA of preterm PE cases was only higher by 1.31-fold compared to first and early second trimester, while in the age-matched PTD group had a fold increase of 5.72, four times higher compared to preterm PE. The delta cycle threshold (\u0394Ct) of CD24 mRNA expression in the preterm PE group was inversely correlated with gestational age (r = 0.737) and fetal size (r = 0.623), while correlation of any other group with these parameters was negligible. Western blot analysis revealed that the presence of CD24 protein in placental lysate of preterm PE was significantly reduced compared to term delivery controls (p = 0.026). In immunohistochemistry, there was a reduction of CD24 staining in villous trophoblast in preterm PE cases compared to gestational age-matched PTD cases (p = 0.042). Staining of PE cases at term was approximately twice higher compared to preterm PE cases (p = 0.025) but not different from normal term delivery controls. Conclusion: While higher CD24 mRNA expression levels were determined for normal term delivery compared to earlier pregnancy stages, this expression level was found to be lower in preterm PE cases, and could be said to be linked to reduced immune tolerance in preeclampsia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T05:23:48Z","timestamp":1627449828000},"page":"8045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Reduced Placental CD24 in Preterm Preeclampsia Is an Indicator for a Failure of Immune Tolerance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Marei","family":"Sammar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. Ephraim Katzir\u2019s Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College, 51 Snunit St, Karmiel 2161002, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Siwetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstr. 6\/II, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamutal","family":"Meiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hylabs, Rehovot and TeleMarpe, 21 Beit El St., Tel Aviv 6908742, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adi","family":"Sharabi-Nov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ziv Medical Center, Safed, and Tel Hai College, Tel Hai 1220800, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Altevogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Cancer Unit, DKFZ and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1\u20133, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4814-2158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berthold","family":"Huppertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstr. 6\/II, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00125","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immune interactions at the fetal-maternal interface in healthy human pregnancy and pre-eclampsia","volume":"5","author":"Hsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. 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