{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T04:14:10Z","timestamp":1773980050719,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 EY026642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 EY026642"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 EY031631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY031631"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: caspase-12 is activated during cytomegalovirus retinitis, although its role is presently unclear. (2) Methods: caspase-12\u2212\/\u2212 (KO) or caspase-12+\/+ (WT) mice were immunosup eyes were analyzed by plaque assay, TUNEL assay, immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, and real-time PCR. (3) Results: increased retinitis and a more extensive virus spread were detected in the retina of infected eyes of KO mice compared to WT mice at day 14 p.i. Compared to MCMV injected WT eyes, mRNA levels of interferons \u03b1, \u03b2 and \u03b3 were significantly reduced in the neural retina of MCMV-infected KO eyes at day 14 p.i. Although similar numbers of MCMV infected cells, similar virus titers and similar numbers of TUNEL-staining cells were detected in injected eyes of both KO and WT mice at days 7 and 10 p.i., significantly lower amounts of cleaved caspase-3 and p53 protein were detected in infected eyes of KO mice at both time points. (4) Conclusions: caspase-12 contributes to caspase-3-dependent and independent retinal bystander cell death during MCMV retinitis and may also play an important role in innate immunity against virus infection of the retina.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T10:47:46Z","timestamp":1627555666000},"page":"8135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Role of Caspase-12 in Retinal Bystander Cell Death and Innate Immune Responses against MCMV Retinitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"James and Jean Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinxian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"James and Jean Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3538-8095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvia B.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"James and Jean Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthamology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4012-3932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"James and Jean Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.2.315","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America and Centers for Disease Control. 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