{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:10:09Z","timestamp":1793153409034,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carbohydrates and lipids are two components of the diet that provide the necessary energy to carry out various physiological processes to help maintain homeostasis in the body. However, when the metabolism of both biomolecules is altered, development of various liver diseases takes place; such as metabolic-associated fatty liver diseases (MAFLD), hepatitis B and C virus infections, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and in more severe cases, hepatocelular carcinoma (HCC). On the other hand, PPARs are a family of ligand-dependent transcription factors with an important role in the regulation of metabolic processes to hepatic level as well as in other organs. After interaction with specific ligands, PPARs are translocated to the nucleus, undergoing structural changes to regulate gene transcription involved in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, inflammation and metabolic homeostasis. This review aims to provide updated data about PPARs\u2019 critical role in liver metabolic regulation, and their involvement triggering the genesis of several liver diseases. Information is provided about their molecular characteristics, cell signal pathways, and the main pharmacological therapies that modulate their function, currently engaged in the clinic scenario, or in pharmacological development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T08:44:11Z","timestamp":1627893851000},"page":"8298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["PPARs as Metabolic Sensors and Therapeutic Targets in Liver Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hugo Christian","family":"Monroy-Ramirez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Galicia-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1708-1495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Sandoval-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1322-1684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra","family":"Meza-Rios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7101-9943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Armendariz-Borunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"},{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.09.019","article-title":"The liver","volume":"27","author":"Trefts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. 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