{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:35:40Z","timestamp":1790379340828,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]],"date-time":"2021-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the last decade, clear evidence has emerged that the cellular components of skeletal muscle are important sites for the release of proteins and peptides called \u201cmyokines\u201d, suggesting that skeletal muscle plays the role of a secretory organ. After their secretion by muscles, these factors serve many biological functions, including the exertion of complex autocrine, paracrine and\/or endocrine effects. In sum, myokines affect complex multi-organ processes, such as skeletal muscle trophism, metabolism, angiogenesis and immunological response to different physiological (physical activity, aging, etc.) or pathological states (cachexia, dysmetabolic conditions, chronic inflammation, etc.). The aim of this review is to describe in detail a number of myokines that are, to varying degrees, involved in skeletal muscle aging processes and belong to the group of proteins present in the functional environment surrounding the muscle cell known as the \u201cNiche\u201d. The particular myokines described are those that, acting both from within the cell and in an autocrine manner, have a defined relationship with the modulation of oxidative stress in muscle cells (mature or stem) involved in the regulatory (metabolic or regenerative) processes of muscle aging. Myostatin, IGF-1, NGF, S100 and irisin are examples of specific myokines that have peculiar features in their mechanisms of action. In particular, the potential role of one of the most recently characterized myokines\u2014irisin, directly linked to an active lifestyle\u2014in reducing if not reversing senescence-induced oxidative damage is discussed in terms of its possible application as an agent able to counteract the deleterious effects of muscle aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,8]],"date-time":"2021-08-08T21:49:41Z","timestamp":1628459381000},"page":"8520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Biological Aspects of Selected Myokines in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on Aging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Rosa","family":"Mancinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Checcaglini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Free University of Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, 06100 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Coscia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Sport Physiology, University of Perugia, 39038 San Candido-Innichen, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Gigliotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Sport Physiology, University of Perugia, 39038 San Candido-Innichen, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4557-9127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Fulle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8753-5707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Fan\u00f2-Illic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Free University of Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, 06100 Perugia, Italy"},{"name":"A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, 35100 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00091","article-title":"Exercise-Released Myokines in the Control of Energy Metabolism","volume":"11","author":"Laurens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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