{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T22:58:30Z","timestamp":1789167510330,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004008","name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ricerca Corrente"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Niemann\u2013Pick type C (NPC) disease is a wide-spectrum clinical condition classified as a neurovisceral disorder affecting mainly the liver and the brain. It is caused by mutations in one of two genes, NPC1 and NPC2, coding for proteins located in the lysosomes. NPC proteins are deputed to transport cholesterol within lysosomes or between late endosome\/lysosome systems and other cellular compartments, such as the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. The first trait of NPC is the accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and other lipids, like sphingosine and glycosphingolipids, in the late endosomal and lysosomal compartments, which causes the blockade of autophagic flux and the impairment of mitochondrial functions. In the brain, the main consequences of NPC are cerebellar neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and myelin defects. This review will focus on myelin defects and the pivotal importance of cholesterol for myelination and will offer an overview of the molecular targets and the pharmacological strategies so far proposed, or an object of clinical trials for NPC. Finally, it will summarize recent data on a new and promising pharmacological perspective involving A2A adenosine receptor stimulation in genetic and pharmacological NPC dysmyelination models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T21:27:40Z","timestamp":1629235660000},"page":"8858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Myelin Defects in Niemann\u2013Pick Type C Disease: Mechanisms and Possible Therapeutic Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6590-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonietta","family":"Bernardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"De Nuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Visentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Martire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Minghetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Popoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Ferrante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2019.107851","article-title":"Addressing Neurodegeneration in Lysosomal Storage Disorders: Advances in Niemann Pick Diseases","volume":"171","author":"Ledesma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2014.10.002","article-title":"Types A and B Niemann-Pick Disease","volume":"29","author":"Schuchman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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