{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:25:00Z","timestamp":1790771100015,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPAR\u03b3) is a master regulator of metabolism, adipogenesis, inflammation and cell cycle, and it has been extensively studied in the brain in relation to inflammation or neurodegeneration. Little is known however about its role in viral infections of the brain parenchyma, although they represent the most frequent cause of encephalitis and are a major threat for the developing brain. Specific to viral infections is the ability to subvert signaling pathways of the host cell to ensure virus replication and spreading, as deleterious as the consequences may be for the host. In this respect, the pleiotropic role of PPAR\u03b3 makes it a critical target of infection. This review aims to provide an update on the role of PPAR\u03b3 in viral infections of the brain. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of PPAR\u03b3 in brain or neural cells infected by immunodeficiency virus 1, Zika virus, or human cytomegalovirus. They have provided a better understanding on PPAR\u03b3 functions in the infected brain, and revealed that it can be a double-edged sword with respect to inflammation, viral replication, or neuronogenesis. They unraveled new roles of PPAR\u03b3 in health and disease and could possibly help designing new therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T10:54:35Z","timestamp":1629284075000},"page":"8876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["PPAR Gamma and Viral Infections of the Brain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9800-5210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Layrolle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM\/UPS UMR 1214, CHU Toulouse-Purpan, 31024 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Payoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM\/UPS UMR 1214, CHU Toulouse-Purpan, 31024 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4323-2656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Chavanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM\/UPS UMR 1214, CHU Toulouse-Purpan, 31024 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26817","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)74184-2","article-title":"Cloning of a New Member of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gene Family from Mouse Liver","volume":"268","author":"Zhu","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. 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