{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:56:06Z","timestamp":1787496966127,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR073935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR073935"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BX003772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX003772"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>DNA is a polymeric macromolecule that can display a variety of backbone conformations. While the classical B-DNA is a right-handed double helix, Z-DNA is a left-handed helix with a zig-zag orientation. The Z conformation depends upon the base sequence, base modification and supercoiling and is considered to be transient. To determine whether the presence of Z-DNA can be detected immunochemically, the binding of monoclonal and polyclonal anti-Z-DNA antibodies to a panel of natural DNA antigens was assessed by an ELISA using brominated poly(dG-dC) as a control for Z-DNA. As these studies showed, among natural DNA tested (Micrococcus luteus, calf thymus, Escherichiacoli, salmon sperm, lambda phage), micrococcal (MC) DNA showed the highest binding with both anti-Z-DNA preparations, and E. coli DNA showed binding with the monoclonal anti-DNA preparation. The specificity for Z-DNA conformation in MC DNA was demonstrated by an inhibition binding assay. An algorithm to identify propensity to form Z-DNA indicated that DNA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis could form Z-DNA, a prediction confirmed by immunoassay. Together, these findings indicate that anti-Z-DNA antibodies can serve as probes for the presence of Z-DNA in DNA of various species origin and that the content of Z-DNA varies significantly among DNA sources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T09:58:06Z","timestamp":1629367086000},"page":"8931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Binding of Monoclonal and Polyclonal Anti-Z-DNA Antibodies to DNA of Various Species Origin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Diane M.","family":"Spencer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Immunology, Division of Rheumatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA"},{"name":"Medical Research Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1465-0867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel Garza","family":"Reyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Pisetsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Immunology, Division of Rheumatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA"},{"name":"Medical Research Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13307","article-title":"DNA structure and function","volume":"282","author":"Travers","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47411","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R400028200","article-title":"Non-B DNA conformations, genomic rearrangements, and human disease","volume":"279","author":"Bacolla","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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