{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T21:52:09Z","timestamp":1789077129339,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["169736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["169736"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MS) and is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides and a varying degree of hepatic injury, inflammation, and repair. Moreover, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play a critical role in the pathophysiological processes in the liver. There is extensive evidence of the beneficial effect of polyphenols such as resveratrol (RSV) and quercetin (QRC) on the treatment of liver pathology; however, the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects have not been fully elucidated. In this work, we show that the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of RSV and QRC against inflammation in liver damage in our MS model are due to the activation of novel pathways which have not been previously described such as the downregulation of the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), neutrophil elastase (NE) and purinergic receptor P2Y2. This downregulation leads to a decrease in apoptosis and hepatic fibrosis with no changes in hepatocyte proliferation. In addition, PPAR alpha and gamma expression were altered in MS but their expression was not affected by the treatment with the natural compounds. The improvement of liver damage by the administration of polyphenols was reflected in the normalization of serum transaminase activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T09:58:06Z","timestamp":1629367086000},"page":"8939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Resveratrol and Quercetin as Regulators of Inflammatory and Purinergic Receptors to Attenuate Liver Damage Associated to Metabolic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Agustina","family":"Cano-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Juan Badiano 1, Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0265-668X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Bautista-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Juan Badiano 1, Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8518-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Castrej\u00f3n-T\u00e9llez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Juan Badiano 1, Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Carre\u00f3n-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Juan Badiano 1, Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"P\u00e9rez-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Juan Badiano 1, Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eulises","family":"D\u00edaz-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n \u201cSalvador Zubir\u00e1n\u201d, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7029-7036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Flores-Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Ju\u00e1rez de M\u00e9xico, Av. Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07760, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Guarner-Lans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Juan Badiano 1, Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8844-2078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Esther","family":"Rubio-Ru\u00edz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Juan Badiano 1, Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castrej\u00f3n-T\u00e9llez, V., Villegas-Romero, M., Rubio-Ruiz, M.E., P\u00e9rez-Torres, I., Carre\u00f3n-Torres, E., D\u00edaz-D\u00edaz, E., and Guarner-Lans, V. (2020). Effect of a Resveratrol\/Quercetin mixture on the reversion of hypertension induced by a short-term exposure to high sucrose levels near weaning and a long-term exposure that leads to metabolic syndrome in rats. Int. J. Mol Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21062231"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Lopez-Garc\u00eda, C., and P\u00e9rez-Gonz\u00e1lez, P. (2012). Inflammation and the use of anti-inflammatory agents in signs and cardiovascular consequences of metabolic syndrome. Handbook on Metabolic Syndrome. Classification, Risk Factors and Health Impact, Nova Biomedical, Nova Science Publishers."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.037","article-title":"Protective effect of quercetin on high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice is mediated by modulating intestinal microbiota imbalance and related gut-liver axis activation","volume":"102","author":"Porras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20026","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56538-0","article-title":"High-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress in obese rats are ameliorated by yogurt supplementation","volume":"9","author":"Lasker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3878","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4878","article-title":"Hepatocyte Toll-like receptor 4 regulates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance","volume":"5","author":"Jia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.210","article-title":"Tlr-4 deficiency selectively protects against obesity induced by diets high in saturated fat","volume":"16","author":"Davis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaurasia, B., Talbot, C.L., and Summers, S.A. (2020). Adipocyte ceramides-the nexus of inflammation and metabolic disease. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.576347"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saghazadeh, A., and Rezaei, N. (2020). Introductory Chapter: Toll-like Receptors, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.88493"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J.J., and Sears, D.D. (2010). TLR4 and insulin resistance. Gastroenterol. Res. Pract.","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/212563"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"967","article-title":"Inhibition of neutrophil elastase activity by phenolic compounds from plants","volume":"56","author":"Melzig","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.03.005","article-title":"Imbalance between neutrophil elastase and its inhibitor \u03b11-antitrypsin in obesity alters insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and energy expenditure","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2885","article-title":"Neutrophils mediate insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet through secreted elastase","volume":"18","author":"Talukdar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00553-z","article-title":"From purines to purinergic signalling: Molecular functions and human diseases","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052406","article-title":"Purine release, metabolism, and signaling in the inflammatory response","volume":"37","author":"Linden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00074-10","article-title":"Extracellular ATP and P2Y receptor activation induce a proinflammatory host response in the human urinary tract","volume":"78","author":"Persson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-018-0702-1","article-title":"Purinergic receptor Y2 (P2Y2)-dependent VCAM-1 expression promotes immune cell infiltration in metabolic syndrome","volume":"113","author":"Merz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Ecelbarger, C.M., Lesniewski, L.A., M\u00fcller, C.E., and Kishore, B.K. (2020). P2Y2 receptor promotes high-fat diet-induced obesity. Front. Endocrinol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00341"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Nakajima, T., Gonzalez, F.J., and Tanaka, N. (2020). PPARs as metabolic regulators in the liver: Lessons from liver-specific PPAR-null mice. Int. J. Mol Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21062061"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.01.067","article-title":"Role of PPAR receptor in different diseases and their ligands: Physiological importance and clinical implications","volume":"166","author":"Mirza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.03.015","article-title":"Negatively regulating TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling via PPAR\u03b1 in endotoxin-induced uveitis","volume":"1842","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.02849.x","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 mediates cross-talk between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and nuclear factor-kappaB in macrophages","volume":"125","author":"Necela","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peredo-Esc\u00e1rcega, A.E., Guarner-Lans, V., P\u00e9rez-Torres, I., Ortega-Ocampo, S., Carre\u00f3n-Torres, E., Castrej\u00f3n-Tellez, V., D\u00edaz-D\u00edaz, E., and Rubio-Ruiz, M.E. (2015). The combination of resveratrol and quercetin attenuates Metabolic Syndrome in rats by modifying the serum fatty acid composition and by upregulating SIRT 1 and SIRT 2 expression in white adipose tissue. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2015.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/474032"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-1995.168405","article-title":"Resveratrol and liver: A systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Faghihzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubio-Ruiz, M.E., Guarner-Lans, V., Cano-Mart\u00ednez, A., D\u00edaz-D\u00edaz, E., Manzano-Pech, L., Gamas-Maga\u00f1a, A., Castrej\u00f3n-Tellez, V., Tapia-Cortina, C., and P\u00e9rez-Torres, I. (2019). Resveratrol and Quercetin administration improves antioxidant DEFENSES and reduces fatty liver in metabolic syndrome rats. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24071297"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burnstock, G. (2017). Purinergic signalling: Therapeutic developments. Front. Pharmacol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00661"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.10203","article-title":"Flavonoids F novel lead compounds for the development of P2Y2 receptor antagonists","volume":"59","author":"Kaulich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13009","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules171113009","article-title":"Action of natural products on p2 receptors: A reinvented era for drug discovery","volume":"17","author":"Faria","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Izzo, C., Annunziata, M., Melara, G., Sciorio, R., Dallio, M., Masarone, M., Federico, A., and Persico, M. (2021). The role of resveratrol in liver disease: A comprehensive review from in vitro to clinical trials. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030933"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castrej\u00f3n-Tellez, V., Rodr\u00edguez-P\u00e9rez, J.M., P\u00e9rez-Torres, I., P\u00e9rez-Hern\u00e1ndez, N., Cruz-Lagunas, A., Guarner-Lans, V., Vargas-Alarc\u00f3n, G., and Rubio-Ruiz, M.E. (2016). The effect of resveratrol and quercetin treatment on PPAR mediated uncoupling protein (UCP-) 1, 2, and 3 expression in visceral white adipose tissue from metabolic syndrome rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17071069"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benomar, Y., and Taouis, M. (2019). Molecular mechanisms underlying obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation and insulin resistance: Pivotal role of resistin\/TLR4 pathways. Front. Endocrinol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00140"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.06.036","article-title":"Quercetin protects mouse liver against CCl4-induced inflammation by the TLR2\/4 and MAPK\/NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"28","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong, G., Ji, W., Wang, F., Zhang, F., Xue, P., Cheng, M., Sun, Y., Wang, X., and Zhang, T. (2019). Quercetin inhibits inflammatory response induced by LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis in human gingival fibroblasts via suppressing NF-\u03baB signaling pathway. BioMed Res. Int., 2019.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6282635"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1159\/000491913","article-title":"Non-Esterified Fatty Acids over-activate the TLR2\/4-NF-\u039ab signaling pathway to increase inflammatory cytokine synthesis in neutrophils from ketotic cows","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gimeno-Mallench, L., Mas-Bargues, C., Ingl\u00e9s, M., Olaso, G., Borras, C., Gambini, J., and Vina, J. (2019). Resveratrol shifts energy metabolism to increase lipid oxidation in healthy old mice. Biomed. Pharmacother., 118.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109130"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21770","article-title":"The inhibition of neutrophil elastase ameliorates mouse liver damage due to ischemia and reperfusion","volume":"15","author":"Uchida","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Transpl."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1024","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00211.2004","article-title":"P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors on human intestinal epithelial carcinoma cells: Effects of extracellular nucleotides on apoptosis and cell proliferation","volume":"288","author":"Stahl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, P., Jia, J., and Zhang, D. (2020). Purinergic signalling in liver diseases: Pathological functions and therapeutic opportunities. JHEP Rep., 2.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2020.100165"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Jin, Q., Yao, Q., Xu, B., Li, L., Zhang, S., and Tu, C. (2018). The flavonoid quercetin ameliorates liver inflammation and fibrosis by regulating hepatic macrophages activation and polarization in mice. Front. Pharmacol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00072"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1590\/1089-6891v17i332990","article-title":"Effects of resveratrol on liver function of obese female wistar rats","volume":"17","author":"Nai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cienc. Anim. Bras."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"6169","article-title":"Quercetin prevents alcohol-induced liver injury through targeting of PI3K\/Akt\/nuclear factor-\u03baB and STAT3 signaling pathway","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-014-9572-6","article-title":"Cross effects of resveratrol and mesenchymal stem cells on liver regeneration and homing in partially hepatectomized rats","volume":"11","author":"Okay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem. Cell Rev. Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1159\/000478920","article-title":"Interactions of TLR4 and PPAR\u03b3, dependent on AMPK signalling pathway contribute to anti-inflammatory effects of Vaccariae hypaphorine in endothelial cells","volume":"42","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-00967-6","article-title":"Saroglitazar deactivates the hepatic LPS\/TLR4 signaling pathway and ameliorates adipocyte dysfunction in rats with high-fat emulsion\/LPS model-induced Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"42","author":"Hassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310798","article-title":"Liver PPAR\u03b1 is crucial for whole-body fatty acid homeostasis and is protective against NAFLD","volume":"65","author":"Montagner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S310163","article-title":"The agonists of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-\u03b3 for liver fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23337","article-title":"Kupffer cells promote hepatic steatosis via interleukin-1beta-dependent suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activity","volume":"51","author":"Stienstra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G283","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00205.2016","article-title":"Hepatocyte-specific PPARA expression exclusively promotes agonist-induced cell proliferation without influence from nonparenchymal cells","volume":"312","author":"Brocker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Han, J., Dong, J., Fan, X., Cai, Y., Li, J., Wang, T., Zhou, J., and Shang, J. (2019). Metabolomics characterizes the effects and mechanisms of Quercetin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201901.0041.v1"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"497","article-title":"International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) Scientific Committee, Analytical Section: Approved recommendation (1985) on IFCC methods for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes. Part 2. IFCC method for aspartate aminotransferase (L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1)","volume":"24","author":"Bergmeyer","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/16\/8939\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:47:19Z","timestamp":1760165239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/16\/8939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms22168939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22168939","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]}}}