{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:17:42Z","timestamp":1760235462730,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite major progress in treating skeletal muscle disease associated with dystrophinopathies, cardiomyopathy is emerging as a major cause of death in people carrying dystrophin gene mutations that remain without a targeted cure even with new treatment directions and advances in modelling abilities. The reasons for the stunted progress in ameliorating dystrophin-associated cardiomyopathy (DAC) can be explained by the difficulties in detecting pathophysiological mechanisms which can also be efficiently targeted within the heart in the widest patient population. New perspectives are clearly required to effectively address the unanswered questions concerning the identification of authentic and effectual readouts of DAC occurrence and severity. A potential way forward to achieve further therapy breakthroughs lies in combining multiomic analysis with advanced preclinical precision models. This review presents the fundamental discoveries made using relevant models of DAC and how omics approaches have been incorporated to date.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T08:44:45Z","timestamp":1629449085000},"page":"8954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Multiomic Approaches to Uncover the Complexities of Dystrophin-Associated Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Aoife","family":"Gowran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maura","family":"Brioschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7512-1075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Rovina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7427-9954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Chiesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Facility, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1022-4481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Piacentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Facility, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Mallia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3346-9879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Banfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Pompilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3980-1959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosaria","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00248-3","article-title":"Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"7","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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