{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T13:00:09Z","timestamp":1771678809961,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,22]],"date-time":"2021-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRK 2407 (360043781)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRK 2407 (360043781)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB TRR259 (397484323 \u2013 project B04)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB TRR259 (397484323 \u2013 project B04)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB TRR259 (397484323 \u2013 project B05)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB TRR259 (397484323 \u2013 project B05)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RU1678\/3-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RU1678\/3-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MO 3438\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MO 3438\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA), a nitric oxide (NO)- and nitrite (NO2\u2212)-derived electrophilic fatty acid metabolite, displays anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic signaling actions and therapeutic benefit in murine models of ischemia-reperfusion, atrial fibrillation, and pulmonary hypertension. Muscle LIM protein-deficient mice (Mlp\u2212\/\u2212) develop dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by impaired left ventricular function and increased ventricular fibrosis at the age of 8 weeks. This study investigated the effects of NO2-OA on cardiac function in Mlp\u2212\/\u2212 mice both in vivo and in vitro. Mlp\u2212\/\u2212 mice were treated with NO2-OA or vehicle for 4 weeks via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps. Wildtype (WT) littermates treated with vehicle served as controls. Mlp\u2212\/\u2212 mice exhibited enhanced TGF\u03b2 signalling, fibrosis and severely reduced left ventricular systolic function. NO2-OA treatment attenuated interstitial myocardial fibrosis and substantially improved left ventricular systolic function in Mlp\u2212\/\u2212 mice. In vitro studies of TGF\u03b2-stimulated primary cardiac fibroblasts further revealed that the anti-fibrotic effects of NO2-OA rely on its capability to attenuate fibroblast to myofibroblast transdifferentiation by inhibiting phosphorylation of TGF\u03b2 downstream targets. In conclusion, we demonstrate a substantial therapeutic benefit of NO2-OA in a murine model of DCM, mediated by interfering with endogenously activated TGF\u03b2 signaling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22169052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,22]],"date-time":"2021-08-22T21:47:52Z","timestamp":1629668872000},"page":"9052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Nitro-Oleic Acid (NO2-OA) Improves Systolic Function in Dilated Cardiomyopathy by Attenuating Myocardial Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Braumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50937 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