{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T05:04:34Z","timestamp":1783832674775,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education","award":["NRF-2017R1A6A1A03015562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1A6A1A03015562"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003661","name":"Korea Institute for advancement of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P0002007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0002007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bone formation and growth are crucial for treating bone fractures. Improving bone-reconstruction methods using autologous bone and synthetic implants can reduce the recovery time. Here, we investigated three treatments using two different materials, a bone-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (bdECM) and \u03b2-tricalcium phosphate (\u03b2-TCP), individually and in combination, as osteogenic promoter between bone and 3D-printed polycaprolactone scaffold (6-mm diameter) in rat calvarial defects (8-mm critical diameter). The materials were tested with a human pre-osteoblast cell line (MG63) to determine the effects of the osteogenic promoter on bone formation in vitro. A polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold with a porous structure was placed at the center of the in vivo rat calvarial defects. The gap between the defective bone and PCL scaffold was filled with each material. Animals were sacrificed four weeks post-implantation, and skull samples were preserved for analysis. The preserved samples were scanned by micro-computed tomography and analyzed histologically to examine the clinical benefits of the materials. The bdECM\u2013\u03b2-TCP mixture showed faster bone formation and a lower inflammatory response in the rats. Therefore, our results imply that a bdECM\u2013\u03b2-TCP mixture is an ideal osteogenic promoter for treating fractures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22169084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T10:24:17Z","timestamp":1629714257000},"page":"9084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Bone Fracture-Treatment Method: Fixing 3D-Printed Polycaprolactone Scaffolds with Hydrogel Type Bone-Derived Extracellular Matrix and \u03b2-Tricalcium Phosphate as an Osteogenic Promoter"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9504-5230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seokhwan","family":"Yun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung-si 15073, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dami","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co., Ltd., Siheung-si 15073, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung-si 15073, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songwan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung-si 15073, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co., Ltd., Siheung-si 15073, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won-Soo","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung-si 15073, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co., Ltd., Siheung-si 15073, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Bo","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Hyung","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung-si 15073, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co., Ltd., Siheung-si 15073, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910808700215","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms controlling bone formation during fracture healing and distraction osteogenesis","volume":"87","author":"Alagl","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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