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In this study, the effect of Ecklonia cava-extracted fucoidan (ECF) on the induction of anti-cancer immunity in the lung was examined by intranasal administration. In C57BL\/6 and BALB\/c mice, intranasal administration of ECF promoted the activation of dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and T cells in the mediastinal lymph node (mLN). The ECF-induced NK and T cell activation was mediated by DCs. In addition, intranasal injection with ECF enhanced the anti-PD-L1 antibody-mediated anti-cancer activities against B16 melanoma and CT-26 carcinoma tumor growth in the lungs, which were required cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells. Thus, these data demonstrated that ECF functioned as a mucosal adjuvant that enhanced the immunotherapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors against metastatic lung cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T22:12:22Z","timestamp":1629843142000},"page":"9125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Enhancement of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Mediated Anti-Cancer Immunity by Intranasal Treatment of Ecklonia cava Fucoidan against Metastatic Lung Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9262-849X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juyoung","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4047-7236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhananjay","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Koung","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0480-1804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minseok","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2320-6365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter Chang-Whan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASAN Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4216-8111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-O","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-012-0061-9","article-title":"Therapeutic importance of sulfated polysaccharides from seaweeds: Updating the recent findings","volume":"2","author":"Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manlusoc, J.K.T., Hsieh, C.-L., Hsieh, C.-Y., Salac, E.S.N., Lee, Y.-T., and Tsai, P.-W. 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