{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T20:00:59Z","timestamp":1775851259619,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FAPESP2014\/14086-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESP2014\/14086-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health issue affecting 14% of the general population. However, research focusing on CKD mechanisms\/treatment is limited because of a lack of animal models recapitulating the disease physiopathology, including its complications. We analyzed the effects of a three-week diet rich in sodium oxalate (OXA diet) on rats and showed that, compared to controls, rats developed a stable CKD with a 60% reduction in glomerular filtration rate, elevated blood urea levels and proteinuria. Histological analyses revealed massive cortical disorganization, tubular atrophy and fibrosis. Males and females were sensitive to the OXA diet, but decreasing the diet period to one week led to GFR significance but not stable diminution. Rats treated with the OXA diet also displayed classical CKD complications such as elevated blood pressure and reduced hematocrit. Functional cardiac analyses revealed that the OXA diet triggered significant cardiac dysfunction. Altogether, our results showed the feasibility of using a convenient and non-invasive strategy to induce CKD and its classical systemic complications in rats. This model, which avoids kidney mass loss or acute toxicity, has strong potential for research into CKD mechanisms and novel therapies, which could protect and postpone the use of dialysis or transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T09:27:57Z","timestamp":1629970077000},"page":"9244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Sodium Oxalate-Rich Diet Induces Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3776-8596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thayane","family":"Crestani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renato O.","family":"Crajoinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1241-8960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leno L.","family":"Dima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8301-2717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Perrine","family":"Burdeyron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1082 (IRTOMIT), F-86000 Poitiers, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0117-071X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Hauet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1082 (IRTOMIT), F-86000 Poitiers, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France"},{"name":"Service de Biochimie, CHU Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastien","family":"Giraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1082 (IRTOMIT), F-86000 Poitiers, France"},{"name":"Service de Biochimie, CHU Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Steichen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"INSERM U1082 (IRTOMIT), F-86000 Poitiers, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016, December 06). 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